Evaluating the value of 3D-printed bone models with fracture fragments connected by flexible rods for training and preoperative planning.

Background: The emergence of 3D printing has revolutionized medical training and preoperative planning. However, existing models have limitations, prompting the development of newly designed flexible 3D-printed bone fracture models.

Methods: The designed flexible 3D-printed bone fracture models were evaluated by 133 trauma surgeons with different levels of experience for perceived value as educational tool or as preoperative planning tool.

Results: The models allowed drilling and showed resistance to manipulation and sterilization. Surgeons found the flexible model helpful for teaching and planning the reduction of fractures, planning and simulating osteosynthesis, understanding fractures, visualizing fractures, and planning surgical approaches.

Conclusions: Flexible 3D-printed bone fracture models offer a dynamic and realistic approach to understanding complex fractures, potentially improving surgical training and preoperative planning.