Complications of twin pregnancy by assisted reproductive techniques compared with spontaneous.

Introduction: Twin pregnancy through assisted reproduction techniques is increasing, as are the associated complications.

Objective: Compare maternal and perinatal complications associated with spontaneous twin pregnancy and through assisted reproduction techniques (ART).

Material and methods: Retrospective comparative and controlled study. It included 208 patients treated at the UMAE HGO 4 of the IMSS, divided into two groups according to the method of conception (spontaneous vs ART), comparing maternal and perinatal complications. Quantitative variables were compared with the student's T or Mann Whitney U test and qualitative variables with the chi-square test. The probability ratio was calculated with a 95 % confidence interval, with statistical significance p < 0.05.

Results: 208 patients with twin pregnancies were included; 104 (50%) conceived spontaneously and 104 (50%) by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Maternal complications were higher in the ART group: preterm delivery (84.6 vs 60.5%), hypertensive disease (43.2 vs 19.2%), gestational diabetes (38.1 vs 24.8%), and obstetric hemorrhage (41.9 vs 25.7%). Prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome were significantly higher in the ART group.

Conclusions: Twin pregnancy due to ART increases the risk of maternal and perinatal complications, which forces us to improve prenatal control with a risk approach.