Gaceta medica de Mexico最新文献

Background: Non-therapeutic hysterectomy in girls and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) is an acceptable practice, even when there is a lack of prescriptive ethical reason.

Objectives: To determine the magnitude of the practice of hysterectomy in girls and adolescents with ID, and explore the emic factors associated with this procedure.

Material and methods: Multicenter, intersectoral study with a mixed methods design.

Results: The quantitative results showed that 50 of 234 reported hysterectomies corresponded to females with ID. Average age at the time of surgery was 15 ± 2.9 years. Prophylactic abdominal hysterectomy was the most common procedure, and the justifications for it were "fertility control", "menstrual hygiene management", and "risk of sexual abuse". A qualitative analysis of 15 focus groups revealed that parents' main concern was how to manage their daughters' index disease and reproductive health; they perceived menstruation positively; they expressed their fear of dying and leaving them without support, and emphasized fertility control; none of them approved hysterectomy.

Conclusions: The bodies that define health policies need to create a new philosophy that avoids the reductionist approach of current biomedical model, which separates (in the health-disease process) our interdependence with other humans.

Background: Chromosomal abnormalities are present in 50 to 60% of miscarriages and in 6 to 19% of stillbirths. Although microarrays are preferred for studying chromosomal abnormalities, many hospitals cannot offer this methodology.

Objective: To present the results of the cytogenetic analysis of 303 products of conception (POC), which included 184 miscarriages, 49 stillbirths and 17 cases of undefined age.

Material and methods: Karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, short tandem repeats and microarrays were used, depending on the type of loss and available sample.

Results: In 29 POCs we found maternal tissue and were eliminated from the analyses. Informative results were obtained in 250 (91.2 %)/274 cases; the karyotyping success rate was 80.7%; that of single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays, 94.5%; and that of fluorescence in situ hybridization and short tandem repeat, 100%. Cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in 57.6% of miscarriages and in 24.5% of stillbirths; 94% of total anomalies were numerical and 6% were submicroscopic.

Conclusions: Karyotyping with simultaneous short tandem repeat study to rule out contamination of maternal cells is effective for studying miscarriages; in stillbirths, microarrays are recommended.

Background: The follow-up of health sciences graduates is relevant due to the commitment of universities to train professionals who contribute to solve the country's health problems. The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) has health sciences graduates who join the workforce every year.

Objective: To identify the perception of health sciences graduates regarding the curriculum and their incorporation into the labor market from 1994 to 2015, and compare it according to the degree program and campus.

Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, comparative, quantitative study. The sample of 26,866 graduates was obtained from information of three decades of the institutional questionnaire for graduates applied by the General Directorate of Planning of the UNAM.

Results: Most graduates were females (68.4%), with admission to the degree course at between 19 and 20 years of age (65.4%). At least 47% had a job; incorporation into the labor market depended on not having an income, a higher grade point average, not having presented extraordinary exams, or failed subjects, among others.

Conclusions: Adequate job insertion is associated with starting the degree course at age 18, having financial support, having an average of 8.1 or higher and perceiving low academic and teaching training.