Descriptions of four species of Polyxenida Verhoeff, 1934 (Diplopoda, Penicillata) from China, including one new species and one new record.

This study describes a new species of Polyxenida from China, Lophoturussineprocessus sp. nov., along with a species newly recorded from China: Eudigraphisnigricans (Miyosi, 1947), and provides additional descriptions of Eudigraphissinensis Ishii & Liang, 1990 and Polyxenushangzhoensis Ishii & Liang, 1990. The study conducted mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequencing for all four species and constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the molecular data. The comprehensive morphological descriptions and molecular analyses confirm the addition of one new species and one newly recorded species for the Polyxenida fauna of China, elevating the total number of known Polyxenida species in the country from 10 to 12. The study also includes an identification key for Polyxenida species in China.