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The genus Topiris Walker, 1863 is revised. This genus, previously neglected or deemed unrecognisable, comprised only Walker's damaged and misrepaired type specimen of Topiriscandidella Walker, 1863. Evidence is provided that this specimen was collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1855-56 in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. The mitogenome of this specimen was assembled using low coverage whole genome sequencing (genome skimming). The COI-5P portion of this mitogenome (658 bp) differs by 1-3 bp from two haplotypes sequenced from early 1990's Brunei specimens. Another specimen recently discovered at NHMUK with an identical label to that of the type perfectly matches the Brunei specimens in its genitalia. Based on these four specimens, we present a fuller description of the morphology of T.candidella. Topiris includes the following additional species authored by Sterling and Lees: Topirisalbidella sp. nov., T.albogrisella sp. nov., T.cinderella sp. nov., T.digiticosta sp. nov., T.lacteella sp. nov., T.madonna sp. nov., T.meyricki sp. nov., T.ochrotincta sp. nov., T.schneeweissella sp. nov., T.sericella sp. nov., and T.thunbergella sp. nov. The following new combinations are also established: T.salva (Meyrick, 1932), comb. nov. and T.sampitella (Lvovsky, 2014), comb. nov. The type of Athrypsiastissalva Meyrick is confirmed as lost and so a neotype and paraneotype of this species are designated. A published mitogenome of "Linoclostisgonatias" is shown to be correctly identified as T.salva, and references to L.gonatias, identified in some literature as a pest of Theaceae, are likely misidentified. The genus Topiris is divided into three groups, the candidella group, the salva group, and the albidella group, based on characters in the male genitalia. The candidella group and albidella group are supported sub-clades of Topiris. The phylogenetic placement of Topiris and Athrypsiastis within 'core' Xyloryctidae (as subtended by its type species, X.luteotactella) is confirmed by analysis of COI and seven nuclear genes, whereas the genera Eumenodora Meyrick, 1906 and Izatha Walker, 1864 do not fall within this clade. The morphology of Athrypsiastisphaeoleuca Meyrick, 1910 (the type species of Athrypsiastis; Xyloryctidae) is more fully described. The following new species authored by Sterling and Lees are described: Athrypsiastischeesmanae sp. nov., A.edelweissella sp. nov., and A.penumbrella sp. nov. Two taxa are newly combined: Athrypsiastishalmaherella (Lvovsky, 2014), comb. nov. and Paralectarosiflora (Meyrick, 1930), comb. nov.

A new genus, Trematirunella gen. nov. (Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Trematuridae), with Trematirunellaseychellia sp. nov. as its type species, is described, based on a female, males, and deutonymphs collected in soil samples from the Seychelle Islands. The new genus belongs to the family Trematuridae based on the shape of the corniculi, gnathosomal setae, tritosternum and chelicerae. Members of the new genus bear a preanal suture on the ventral shield, two pairs or more pairs of wide, robust and sword-like setae on the caudal part of the dorsal shield, very dense setation on the caudal area of the marginal shield and an incision on the anterior part of the dorsal shield. These characters are missing in the other genera of Trematuridae. Two previously described species (Trichouropodalagunae Hirmatsu & Hirschmann, 1988 and Trichouropodapalawanensis Hirschmann & Hirmatsu, 1990) from the Philippines are transferred to the new genus, as Trematirunellalagunae (Hirmatsu & Hirschmann, 1988), comb. nov. and Trematirunellapalawanensis (Hirschmann & Hirmatsu, 1990), comb. nov. The new species differs from its congeners in the sculptural pattern of the female genital shield and in the shape of the robust and sword-like setae on the caudal area of the dorsal shield.

Two new species of the genus Malaxa Melichar, 1914 from Southwest China, M.chongzuoensis Lv & Chen, sp. nov. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and M.longispina Lv & Chen, sp. nov. from Guangdong Province, are described and illustrated. These bring the total number of species in the genus to 13, with nine recorded from China. A checklist and map of all known species of Malaxa are provided, together with an identification key for Chinese species.

Nidiranaokinavana (Boettger, 1895) is a small-sized ranid species belonging to the East Asian genus Nidirana Dubois, 1992. Previous studies have indicated that this species was exclusively distributed on Ishigaki and Iriomote islands in the southern Ryukyus, as well as two extremely small wetland habitats in central Taiwan. Such a restricted distribution makes it one of the most endangered frog species in both Taiwan and Japan. By using molecular, morphological, and acoustic analyses, our study reveals significant divergence between the Taiwanese and Japanese clades, supporting the recognition of the Taiwanese clade as a distinct species, described herein as Nidiranashyhhuangi sp. nov. Compared to Nidiranaokinavana sensu stricto from the southern Ryukyus, the Nidiranashyhhuangi sp. nov. is characterized by a significantly smaller and non-overlapping body size, relatively longer forelimbs and hindlimbs, smaller internostril and interorbital distances, with a higher number of cross bands on thigh and shank. Acoustic analyses reveal that the Nidiranashyhhuangi sp. nov. produces calls with a rapid tempo and higher pulse number, with a higher dominant frequency compared to the Japanese clade. Due to the extremely limited distribution of this species to two small sites on Taiwan, and continuing decline in quality of its habitat, we propose that it should be classified as Critically Endangered (CR) under the IUCN criteria. Immediate and comprehensive in situ and ex situ conservation actions are necessary to ensure the sustainable viability of the population.

Two new species of the purse-web spider genus Atypus Latreille, 1804, collected from China, are diagnosed and described based on the genital morphology of both sexes: A.dawei sp. nov. (♂♀) and A.liui sp. nov. (♂♀). These species are widespread in central China. Atypusdawei sp. nov. is found in Anhui, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces, while A.liui sp. nov. is distributed across Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces.

Four species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China are recognized, including three new species and one newly recorded species: T.bangla Grismado & Ramírez, 2014, T.mainling Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), T.metok Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and T.zayu Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). Descriptions, diagnoses and photomicroscopy images are provided.

Two new species of oribatid mites of the subgenus Indoribates (Haplozetes) (Oribatida, Haplozetidae) are described based on adult specimens from Tajikistan. Indoribates (Haplozetes) tajikistanensissp. nov. differs from I. (H.) vindobonensis by the position of the adanal lyrifissure and the shape of the saccule S2. Indoribates (Haplozetes) asetosussp. nov. differs from I. (H.) fusifer (Berlese, 1908) by the absence of φ on tibia IV and the shape of epimeral setae and adanal setae ad _1-2; from I. (H.) triungulatus (Beck, 1964) it differs by the length of the interlamellar seta, adanal setae ad _1-2 and tutorium, and the shape of notogastral seta. The genus Indoribates is recorded in Tajikistan for the first time.

The genera and subgenera of the subtribe Aspilotina are reviewed. A new illustrated key to all accepted supraspecies taxa is provided. Grandilota Fischer, 2002, stat. nov. is proposed as subgenus of Aspilota Foerster, 1863. Carinthilota Fischer, 1975, syn. nov. is synonymised with Alitha Cameron, 1906, stat. nov. and the latter is treated as subgenus of Dinotrema Foerster, 1863; Eudinostigma Tobias, 1986, syn. nov. is considered a synonym of Dinotrema Foerster, 1863. Moreover, the new subgenus Pseudoprosaphasubgen. nov. (type species: Dinostigmastenosoma van Achterberg, 1988) is described. Additionally, Synaldotrema Belokobylskij & Tobias, 2002, stat. nov. is treated as a separate genus. The following new combinations are proposed: Aspilota (Aspilota) ruficollis Stelfox & Graham, 1950, comb. nov., Dinotrema (Alitha) lada (Belokobylskij, 1998), comb. nov., D. (A.) longipennis (Cameron, 1906), comb. nov., D. (A.) mavka (Belokobylskij, 1998), comb. nov., D. (A.) parapsidalis (Fischer, 1975), comb. nov., D. (A.) vechti (van Achterberg, 1988), comb. nov., Dinotrema (Dinotrema) alox (van Achterberg, 1988), comb. nov., D. (D.) entabeniense (Fischer, 2009), comb. nov., D. (D.) latum (Chen & Wu, 1994), comb. nov., D. (D.) planiceps (Fischer, Tormos & Pardo, 2006), comb. nov., D. (D.) subpulvinatum (Fischer, 2009), comb. nov., D. (Pseudoprosapha) stenosoma (van Achterberg, 1988), comb. nov., D. (Synaldis) bienesae (Fischer, Tormos & Pardo, 2006), comb. nov., D. (S.) fischeri (Tobias, 1986), comb. nov., D. (S.) latistigma (Fischer, 1962), comb. nov., D. (S.) planiceps (Fischer, Tormos & Pardo, 2006), comb. nov., D. (Synaldis) cespitator (Belokobylskij, 2004), comb. nov., D. (S.) perfidum (Fischer, 1970), comb. nov., D. (S.) trematosum (Fischer, 1967), comb. nov. and Paneremafulvicornis (Haliday, 1838), comb. nov.

In this study, three species of the moss-feeding lace bug genus Acalypta Westwood, 1840 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae, Tinginae, Acalyptaini) are reported mainly in Hokkaido, northern Japan. The first is Acalyptaalutacea sp. nov. that inhabits mosses growing on the floors of deciduous broad-leaved forests. The second is Acalyptacarinata (Panzer, 1806) that mainly inhabits mosses growing on marshlands and is recorded from Japan for the first time. The third is Acalyptasauteri Drake, 1942 that is widely distributed in three of the four main islands of Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) and their surrounding islands, but is recorded from the remaining main island (Hokkaido) for the first time. The discovery of A.sauteri in Hokkaido also represents the northernmost record of this species. The following ten species of Acalypta are recognized in Japan: A.alutacea sp. nov., A.carinata, A.cooleyi Drake, 1917, A.gracilis (Fieber, 1844), A.hirashimai Takeya, 1962, A.marginata (Wolff, 1804), A.miyamotoi Takeya, 1962, A.pallidicoronata Souma, 2019, A.sauteri, and A.tsurugisana Tomokuni, 1972. An illustrated key for the identification of the ten species of this genus from Japan is also provided.

This study aims to survey mammal diversity on Ko Pha-ngan, located 80 km off the east peninsular coast of Surat Thani province, Thailand. Thirteen camera trap sites, 32 transects, six drift line fence traps, five mist net trap sites, and nine live trap sites placed in human settlement, human-disturbed forest, and national park forest from February 2021 to September 2023 were utilized. A total of 28 mammal species of eight orders, 17 families, and 21 genera were found. Among them, 11 species are flying mammals while the remaining are terrestrial. Of the species detected, Manisjavanica (pangolin) is critically endangered, while Nycticebuscoucang (slow loris monkey) is endange by IUCN Red List. Additionally, Rusaunicolor (sambar deer) is vulnerable and Pteropuscf.hypomelanus (island flying fox), Trachypithecusobscurus (dusky leaf monkey), and Ratufabicolor (giant black squirrel) are near threatened. These findings highlight the need to conserve and protect both national park forest and human-disturbed forest from anthropogenic pressures due to the finite area of an island, in which potential local extinction risk is higher.