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Cytheridellawhitmani Martens, sp. nov. is described from lakes on Cape Cod (MA, USA). The species differs from its congeners mainly by the shape of the female carapace and by the morphology of the hemipenis, especially of the distal lobe and the copulatory process. The literature on the genus is reviewed and the synonymy of the fossil Cytheridellaboldii Purper, 1974 with the type species C.ilosvayi Daday, 1905, both described from South America, is confirmed. The status of Cytheridellaamericana (Furtos, 1936) is reverted to that of "uncertain species". Beside the type species and the new species, the genus currently includes only three further species from Africa: C.monodi Klie, 1936, C.damasi Klie, 1944 (with synonym C.chariessa Rome, 1977), and C.tepida Victor, 1987. The morphology of the new species is discussed in comparison with the congeneric species, especially regarding the valve ornamentation, the structure and function of the third thoracopod, the hemipenis and the caudal ramus. It is suggested that C.whitmani is a recent invasive species in the lakes of the Cape Cod peninsula. Its occurrence at northern latitudes is unexpected, as its congeneric species are consistently (sub-) tropical.

More than a decade of research led to the conclusion in 2022 that the Soil Biome is home to ~ 2.1 × 10²⁴ taxa and thus supports > 99.9% of global species biodiversity, mostly Bacteria or other microbes, based upon topographic field data. A subsequent 2023 report tabulated a central value of just 1.04 × 10¹⁰ taxa claiming soils had 59 ± 15%, i.e., 44-74% (or truly 10-50%?) of the global total, while incidentally confirming upper values of ~ 90% for soil Bacteria. Incompatibility of these two studies is reviewed, supporting prior biodiversity data with the vast majority of species inhabiting soils, despite excluding viruses (now with ~ 5 × 10³¹ virions and 10²⁶ species most, ~ 80%, in soils). The status of Oligochaeta (earthworms) and other taxa marked "?" in the 2023 paper are clarified. Although biota totals are increased considerably, inordinate threats of topsoil erosion and poisoning yet pertain with finality of extinction. Species affected include Keystone taxa, especially earthworms and microbes, essential for a healthy Soil foundation to sustain the Tree-of-Life inhabiting the Earth.

This study presents data on soil campodeids collected in Romania and Bulgaria in recent years. The collection comprises 12 species of genus Campodea Westwood, 1842 in total. A new species, Campodea (Dicampa) transylvanica Sendra, sp. nov. is described from Zarand and Făgăraș mountains in Romania. Campodea (Campodea) plusiochaeta Silvestri, 1912 is newly recorded for the Romanian fauna, while Campodea (Paurocampa) ruseki Condé, 1966 represents a new record for Bulgaria. New distributional data are also provided for the remaining ten species.

The mitochondrial genome of three Trachemysmedemi was sequenced and annotated for the first time. The mitochondrial genome is a circular DNA molecule of 16,711-16,810 bp in size, with 60.9% AT content. It includes 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and the non-coding control region. The genome composition is characterized by a positive AT skew (0.123) and a negative GC skew (-0.342). Phylogenetic analyses based on complete mitogenomes, which lack some Trachemys species, placed T.medemi as sister to T.venusta. Phylogenies from the same dataset, but including available shorter mtDNA information for most Trachemys species, recovered T.medemi as sister to T.dorbigni, and this clade was sister to T.venusta, T.yaquia, and T.ornata. The newly obtained data are valuable for future mitogenomic investigations on Trachemys. Furthermore, our results underline the impact of incomplete taxon sampling.

The emission of calls is one of the most distinctive and important reproductive traits in anurans. Given the biological significance of vocalizations, this trait is also useful for identification proposes and is key in recognizing cryptic diversity. However, the majority of the calls from tropical ecosystems, especially in the high Andean mountains, are unknown. Between 2016 and 2021, a total of 14 expeditions were conducted to the forests and moorlands of the eastern and western Andean Mountain range of the province of Carchi-Ecuador, at elevations ranging from 2694 to 3848 m a.s.l. The objective of these expeditions was to record the calls of the anuran fauna present in these ecosystems. In total, 30 anuran species were recorded, and calls of 20 species were described, 15 of which are described and reported for the first time in the present study. The call of Hyloxalusdelatorreae, a critically endangered species, is described with a remarkable recording of the call of Niceforoniabrunnea, a species considered mute. In addition, nine are candidate species, including the first record of Pristimantisfarisorum for Ecuador. This study represents the most comprehensive and accurate acoustic documentation of a highland community, which will facilitate taxonomic and conservation work in the area.

Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as Indochina, is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot for freshwater mussels, hosting a significant number of species and exhibiting high levels of endemism. Recently, the monotypic genus Songkhlanaia was described from the Songkhla Lake Basin in southern Thailand. In this study, two additional lineages are revealed, S.moreleti comb. nov. and S.songkhramensis sp. nov., from the Mekong Basin through an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The multi-locus phylogenetic inference supported the monophyly of the genus and further elucidated the sister relationship between S.moreleti and the new species, and with S.tamodienica positioned as a basal lineage. Pairwise uncorrected COI p-distances among these three species also supported the species validity and ranged from 4.2% to 8.24%. Notably, S.songkhramensis sp. nov. and S.moreleti exhibit similarities in shell morphology; however, the new species can be differentiated by more robust pseudocardinal teeth. Both species are distinguishable from S.tamodienica by their approximately twice larger size, more inflated shells, and more prominent, roughened, irregular growth lines on the shell surface. Furthermore, based on the current data, these three species are recognized as endemic and are restricted to disjunct biogeographic areas in Indochina: S.tamodienica in the Songkhla Lake Basin in southern Thailand, S.moreleti in the Tonle Sap and Lower Mekong basins, and S.songkhramensis sp. nov. in the Songkhram Basin and its nearby tributaries of the Middle Mekong Basin.

Two new species, Veraphisodaesanensis sp. nov. and Veraphismyeonggiensis sp. nov., of the ant-like stone beetle, are described from the Korean Peninsula. The Korean fauna of Veraphis Casey now comprises three species, including V.engelmarkikoreanus. This study provides habitus images and aedeagus illustrations of the new species.

This paper reports the first Mexican records of Oxychilusalliarius (Puebla, State of Mexico, Mexico City) and O.cellarius (Mexico City), and expands the Mexican distribution of O.draparnaudi to Querétaro, Tlaxcala, and State of Mexico. These three introduced land snail species were identified by combining their genital anatomy and mitochondrial COI DNA sequence data. A two-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of shell shape variation based on both apertural and apical views showed that there were no significant conchological differences between the three species except, to some degree, size. Using locality data of newly collected specimens, information from previous studies, and data retrieved from GBIF and iNaturalist, an analysis of the potential distributions of Oxychilus species in Mexico was conducted with an R implementation of Maxent. This showed that Oxychilus tends to occupy principally the Southern Highlands and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt Province.

Two new species belonging to the corticalis group of the sac spider genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 are described from both males and females: Clubionalongyangensis sp. nov. and Clubionamultiprocessa sp. nov. The two species are currently known to occur in Baoshan City and Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, respectively. Detailed descriptions, diagnoses, and photographs of the two species are provided.

A new species of cirri-bearing eel, Cirrhimuraenataiwanensis sp. nov. (Anguilliformes, Ophichthidae), is described based on a specimen collected from the estuary of the Langyang River (Yilan County), northeastern Taiwan. The new species is distinct from all congeners, except C.odishaensis and C.orientalis, in possessing a single row of mandibular teeth. Cirrhimuraenataiwanensis sp. nov. differs from C.odishaensis in having significantly shorter pectoral fins and fewer vertebrae, and it is distinguished from C.orientalis by its larger head, notably more total vertebrae, and a dorsal fin that originates well behind the gill opening. In the neighbor-joining tree based on COI sequences, the new species forms a distinct monophyletic group; thus, it is clearly separable from congeners both morphologically and genetically. With this addition, there are now 13 species in the genus Cirrhimuraena.