Artificial womb technology – A more physiologic solution to treating extreme prematurity

Treatment of extreme premature infants (EPI) is limited by developmental immaturity primarily of the lung. A paradigm shift towards a more physiologic treatment of EPI as fetal neonates or fetonates, by keeping them in a womb-like environment to allow continued organ maturation, is the rationale for artificial womb technology. In this review, we discuss the artificial placenta and womb technology, it’s rationale, the history of its development, the most recent preclinical models described in the literature and finally pertinent ethical considerations.