[Physiological and pathophysiological changes of the ageing lung].

Background: Due to age-related changes the lung function decreases. At the same time there is an increase in pulmonary diseases that lead to restrictions in mobility and autonomy.

Research question: What are the underlying changes in lung ageing? To what extent do they affect lung function and are there factors that can be influenced?

Method: Literature search.

Results: Ageing of the lungs is associated with a loss of elasticity and distensibility. Senescence-associated factors play an important role at the molecular level. Accumulation of damaged DNA and proteins, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are major factors. Avoidance of harmful environmental factors can reduce the disease burden.

Conclusion: Age-related pathophysiological changes lead to increased work of breathing with decreasing muscle strength. Patients should be encouraged to avoid inhaling noxious agents as these are associated with a diminution of lung function loss even in older age.