Study on the preparation of side-by-side micro-nano composite fibers by centrifugal spinning based on improved spinneret cavity structure

Centrifugal spinning of nanofibers has garnered significant attention due to its numerous advantages and industrial potential. However, meeting diverse needs with a single material is challenging, and the production of mixed material fibers often compromises fiber quality due to miscibility issues with different materials. Therefore, this study introduces a novel approach for efficiently preparing side-by-side micro-nano composite fibers by modifying the cavity structure of the centrifugal spinneret. Based on the experimental analysis of fiber spinnability, we derive the motion equation of polymer solution in the spinneret and analyze how the position of cavity plate influences the force exerted on the polymer solution. The optimal spinneret structure was determined through simulation of the solution motion mechanism in various types of spinnerets. Subsequently, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/ethylene oxide (PEO) composite micro-nanofibers were prepared using a centrifugal spinning device for experimental validation. The results indicate that the left and right cavity structure results in a significant disparity in flow between the two cavities at the nozzle, rendering it unsuitable for producing juxtaposed micro-nano composite fibers. The upper and lower cavity configuration does not impact the flow rate of the two cavities, making it suitable for stable and efficient preparation of side-by-side micro-nano composite fibers.