Impact of coexisting components on the catalytic ozonation of emerging contaminants in wastewater

Catalytic ozonation, a promising advanced oxidation process (AOP), leverages catalysts to activate ozone (O₃) into highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl (HO^•) and superoxide radicals (O₂^•-). These potent oxidants effectively degrade refractory organic pollutants in wastewater. Nevertheless, the presence of complex coexisting ions and organic compounds in real wastewater can significantly hinder the removal efficiency of target pollutants during catalytic ozonation. Consequently, a thorough understanding of how coexisting ions and organics influence the catalytic ozonation process is crucial for optimizing its effectiveness in wastewater treatment. This review delves into the degradation pathways of emerging contaminants (ECs) during catalytic ozonation, considering the influence of these coexisting components. By analyzing interfacial reactions involving catalysts, O₃, and coexisting components, this review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and propose strategies to optimize the performance of catalytic ozonation for real wastewater treatment.