Permian thermal pulse event in Southwestern China and its resource and environment effects

The Emeishan large igneous province (LIP) in Southwestern China and Northern Vietnam is thought to have been a potential driver for the biotic crises and paleoclimatic changes at the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary (GLB; Permian). Here, we revealed the thermal pulse event induced by the Emeishan LIP and its impact on the fossil energy formation and episodic carbon changes. Southwestern China experienced a pulsating high thermal anomaly lasting 10 Myrs in the mid-Permian, which accelerated the maturation of source rocks, producing mass high-temperature methane emissions. The Emeishan LIP caused large amounts of gases and volcanic ash emissions, which affected the Lopingain organic carbon enrichment. CO₂ degassing type changed as the LIP emplacement evolved and the transition from a thermogenic CO₂ source to the volcanic carbon source may contribute to two episodes of carbon isotope changes.