Global and Planetary Change最新文献

{"title":"Changes in grassland types caused by climate change and anthropogenic activities have increased carbon storage in alpine grassland ecosystem","authors":"Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Ang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Xing ,&nbsp;Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Zichao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiuchun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has undergone significant anthropogenic activities and climate change impacts over the past years, with these trends projected to intensify. These changes are likely to alter the alpine grassland ecosystem structure and services. To assess the impacts on carbon storage (CS), we employed an analytical framework integrating the optimal parameter-based geographical detector (GD) model, system dynamics (SD) model, patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Service and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Applying this framework to the Qinghai Plateau, we used the GD model to elucidate the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of changes in grassland types for alpine grassland ecosystem. The SD and PLUS models simulated the spatial distribution of grassland types under the coupled scenarios of three typical shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) (SSP-RPCs: SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). InVEST was used to evaluated the impacts on CS. Our findings revealed that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, grasslands on the Qinghai Plateau expanded by 9.7 %, with significant shifts towards types more suitable for humid environments, including a transformation of 2.1 × 10⁴ km² of of alpine steppes into alpine meadows; (2) Changes in grassland types are driven by both anthropogenic activities and natural environmental factors, notably climate change and grazing intensity; (3) Over the past three decades, grassland CS increased by 6.687 × 10⁸ t, with expansion of grassland area and shifts in grassland types contributing 68.2 % and 31.8 %, respectively; (4) The integration of the PLUS and SD models enabled simulations of grassland-type distribution, achieving an overall accuracy (OA) of 0.86 and a Kappa statistic of 0.78. (5) Under SSP-RPCs development scenarios, grassland and alpine meadow areas are projected to continue expanding due to ongoing warming and humidification. The most significant expansion and the largest increase in CS were observed under the SSP585 scenario. These results are crucial for understanding the evolutionary patterns of alpine grassland ecosystem and their impact on regional carbon balance, offering valuable insights for ecosystem management and conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cenozoic global temperature and regional humidity changes jointly drove the silicate weathering evolution: A record from the Weihe Basin in Central China","authors":"Hanzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Huayu Lu ,&nbsp;Zeyu Chen ,&nbsp;Wen Lai ,&nbsp;Hengzhi Lyu ,&nbsp;Yali Zhou ,&nbsp;Fan Lyu ,&nbsp;Shilei Li ,&nbsp;Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanisms that enable the Earth system to maintain habitability are much debated. The influences of active tectonic uplift and the temperature feedback are proposed. The temperature negative feedback mechanism is considered one of the key processes preventing excessive CO₂ consumption. However, the specific mechanisms by which temperature variations during the Cenozoic influenced silicate weathering are still poorly understood. Regional weathering records during the Cenozoic are needed to elucidate these processes. Up till now, records of robust Cenozoic weathering intensity is still limited. Most records are based on marine deposits, which contain mixed signals from tectonics and temperature. As the weathering indicator for the terrestrial sediments could be affected by provenance of sediments, or transportation processes, few method can simultaneously distinguish these influences and accurately reconstruct the weathering intensity. In this study, we generated a record of chemical weathering intensity from the Weihe Basin in Central China, with deposition covering the late Eocene, early Oligocene, middle to late Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene. The record is based on mineral composition by Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy, which can reveal weathering intensity by feldspar assembalges, and provenance by heavy mineral compositions in the sediments simultaneously. Our results show that, despite the persistent decrease in the global temperature, the chemical weathering intensity increasd at boundary of Eocene and Oligocene, remained relatively high during Oligocene to Pliocene, and decreased at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. This indicates that silicate weathering may not respond directly to global temperature changes. Instead, variations in regional precipitation and humidity are also the influencing factors on the intensity of silicate weathering. Our findings contribute to understanding the weathering-climate interactions, but further data integration and comparative analyses are still needed for a more comprehensive assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of silicate weathering in the Yangtze River Basin since 3.5 Ma as archived in the East China Seas: Controlling factors and global significance","authors":"Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiming Wan ,&nbsp;Peter D. Clift ,&nbsp;Hualong Jin ,&nbsp;Zehua Song ,&nbsp;Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Zhaojie Yu ,&nbsp;Kaidi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Lu ,&nbsp;Wenjun Jiao ,&nbsp;Anchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The consumption of atmospheric CO₂ as a result of silicate weathering is a very important carbon sink process over geological time scales, serving as a significant mechanism for regulating global carbon cycling and climate. However, whether silicate weathering is a positive driving factor for climate change or a negative feedback to mitigate climate change is still unclear, mainly due to a lack of reliable quantitative estimates of silicate weathering flux. Here, we reconstruct for the first time records of silicate weathering intensity, erosion flux, and silicate weathering flux in the Yangtze River Basin since 3.5 Ma using the sediment cores from the East China Seas (South Yellow Sea and East China Sea), and evaluate their relationship with tectonic and climatic changes. Weathering indices such as Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and K/Al ratio indicate that the overall silicate weathering intensity of Yangtze River sediments has been decreasing since about 3.5 Ma, coupled with East Asian paleoclimate indicators and global oxygen isotopes, suggesting that global cooling is the main driving factor for the evolution of weathering intensity. Since the late Pliocene, the silicate weathering flux in the Yangtze River Basin is poorly correlated with weathering efficiency, but shows good consistency with erosion flux, exhibiting a decreasing trend during the late Pliocene to late early Pleistocene followed by an increasing trend since the late early Pleistocene, responding respectively to reduced precipitation caused by cooling climate and increased tectonic activity in the upper Yangtze River Basin. Combined with existing long-term CO₂ consumption flux data in Asia, it is evident that erosion flux is the primary factor controlling silicate weathering flux in large river basins, while the impact of variations in silicate weathering intensity is relatively limited. During tectonically quiescent periods, silicate weathering mainly responds to climate change, acting as a negative feedback; during tectonically active periods, silicate weathering drives global climate change. Therefore, climatic- and tectonic-controlled continental weathering jointly regulate the decrease in atmospheric CO₂ concentration and global cooling at the late Cenozoic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressed AMOC multidecadal variability by freshwater flux change in the Community Earth System Model version 1.0","authors":"Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Qin Wen ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Liang Ning ,&nbsp;Mi Yan ,&nbsp;Weiyi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multidecadal variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) significantly impacts various climate phenomena, yet the role of ocean surface freshwater flux in this variability is not fully understood. Through experiments with and without surface freshwater flux adjustment under pre-industrial conditions based on the Community Earth System Model version 1.0, we demonstrate that active freshwater flux variability, particularly sea ice melt, can suppress the amplitude and period of the AMOC multidecadal variability by influencing sea surface salinity and density. Specifically, active freshwater flux rapidly shifts density anomalies between the AMOC positive and negative phases. When the AMOC is in its positive phase, the previously weaker state can induce negative surface temperatures in the deep water formation region. This temperature anomaly raises sea level pressure and introduces westerly anomalies over the subpolar North Atlantic, promoting sea ice expansion and increasing sea ice melt. The increased sea ice melt reduces surface salinity, driving the AMOC into its negative phase. This process is also responsible for suppressing the amplitude of the AMOC variability. The opposite process occurs when the AMOC is in its negative phase. Our findings highlight the critical role of freshwater flux in affecting the AMOC multidecadal variability in both current and changing climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen-based normalized difference vegetation index reconstruction and its application to two Holocene sites of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Haoshuang Han ,&nbsp;Feng Qin ,&nbsp;Chen Liang ,&nbsp;Yunhe Yin ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tibetan Plateau (TP) vegetation exhibits high sensitivity to climate fluctuations and disturbances, making it a focal area for studying alpine ecosystem dynamics. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as an indicator of vegetation growth and health status, is one of the most effective satellite-based vegetation parameters that are used to monitor vegetation dynamics. However, long-term NDVI data are not available due to the short temporal span of instrumental observations. Quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation based on pollen data can provide crucial evidence for understanding long-term vegetation evolution and validating the vegetation/climate model to enhance the accuracy of future projection. On the basis of the relationships between modern pollen data and remote sensing NDVI, we apply the modern analogue technique (MAT) to reconstruct vegetation NDVI from pollen data of the TP. The accuracy of the reconstruction was evaluated by comparing the reconstructions with remote sensing observations. Results showed that a search window of 10 km radius around sampling sites combined with the inverse-distance weighting method were the most suitable for extracting vegetation parameters to establish the pollen-NDVI reconstruction model. Under the above parameter settings, the pollen-based modern NDVI reconstructions were in good agreement with the observed ones (R² = 0.79). The pollen-based reconstructions accurately reflect the spatial pattern of NDVI observed by remote sensing on the TP, although NDVI values were overestimated in sparsely vegetated areas and underestimated in dense forest areas in a few cases. The Holocene NDVI changes of the Zoige Basin and Hurleg Lake were then reconstructed based on their fossil pollen records by applying the pollen-NDVI reconstruction model. The reconstructed paleo-NDVI changes at the two sites were highly consistent with their Holocene regional vegetation and climate patterns, which further confirmed the reliability of recovering vegetation parameters from pollen data on the TP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 104802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the impact of explosive volcanism on biogeochemical cycling at the peak of the Late Paleozoic icehouse","authors":"Lily S. Pfeifer ,&nbsp;Qingting Wu ,&nbsp;Ying Cui ,&nbsp;Gerilyn S. Soreghan","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The peak of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) coincided with atmospheric carbon dioxide (<em>p</em>CO₂) lows, and large-magnitude fluctuations in glacial-interglacial <em>p</em>CO₂, but the driver(s) for <em>p</em>CO₂ drawdown at this time remain debated. Backed by parameters for the frequency and magnitude of Late Carboniferous volcanism derived from the rock record, we apply an intermediate complexity Earth system model to evaluate the biogeochemical impacts of ash-borne nutrients from frequent (decadal) and explosive silicic volcanism on nutrient cycling ca. 310–300 Ma. Results show that volcanic perturbations result in negligible changes in marine particulate organic carbon export concurrent with sustained increases in <em>p</em>CO₂ (+20 ppm), suggesting that volcanic <em>p</em>CO₂ emissions are not sequestered by fertilization and/or weathering of associated Fe-bearing volcanic ash. We propose that Fe loading in the Permo-Carboniferous may have been bolstered by abundant and highly reactive non-volcanic mineral dust. Future carbon cycle modeling of this interval should integrate the effects of high mineral dust loading with volcanically-induced high Fe solubilities to assess the resultant effects on biological productivity and consequent <em>p</em>CO₂ sequestration on scales sufficient to initiate or sustain cold climate modes during the lead-up to the peak LPIA. The Permo-Carboniferous world serves as a deep-time analog for understanding the novel mechanistic links among explosive volcanism, acidic atmospheric chemistry, nutrient availability in mineral aerosols, and organic carbon burial, with implications for Earth system responses to persistent biogeochemical forcings and Earth's future in a purposefully geoengineered world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of secondary forest in the Greater Mekong Subregion struggles to offset primary forest carbon losses","authors":"Zongqi Peng ,&nbsp;Yanhui Zhu ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Xixi Lu ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Danni Su ,&nbsp;Run Sun ,&nbsp;Mingfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingcong Ma ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Mengzhu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is experiencing significant changes in forest area, prompting an urgent investigation into whether the alterations in carbon stock from forest loss and restoration can meet the region's need for increased carbon sequestration. Therefore, utilizing remote sensing data such as Landsat and machine learning methods, we established distribution maps of primary and secondary forests and forest carbon density maps for the GMS from 2000 to 2020. By analyzing the gradient effect of forest carbon density across four altitude zones, we investigated the altitude asymmetry of the compensatory effect of secondary forests in the GMS, and predicted the carbon potential of the regional forests. The results indicate that, influenced by human activities, forests in the GMS have transitioned from the loss of primary forests in the 2000s to the recovery of secondary forests in the 2010s. While the rates of area change for loss (−2.22 × 10⁵ ha yr⁻¹) and recovery (1.97 × 10⁵ ha yr⁻¹) were similar, an altitude asymmetry caused a regional forest carbon imbalance. The low and mid-altitude regions, with higher carbon density and significant forest loss, can only compensate for 31.50 % of the carbon loss in low-altitude (122.28 TgC) and 47.57 % in mid-altitude (76.25 TgC) through secondary forest recovery. In contrast, the high-altitude region, with lower carbon loss (12.93 TgC) and larger recovery area, results in a forest net carbon sink of 10.66 TgC. Over the next decade, if primary forest loss continues at the current pace, existing secondary forest growth will absorb only 50.41 % of carbon emissions. Therefore, collaboration among GMS countries is essential to protect primary forests and promote secondary forest planting in low to mid-altitude areas for sustainable regional forest carbon development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 104796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eccentricity pacing of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Multi-section astrochronology and statistical insights in China","authors":"Runjian Chu ,&nbsp;Huaichun Wu ,&nbsp;Qiang Fang ,&nbsp;Shijun Jiang ,&nbsp;Ying Cui ,&nbsp;Shihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianshui Yang ,&nbsp;Chengshan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ∼56 Ma) is marked by a significant negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) and represents an intense global warming over a geologically brief time. A high-resolution chronologic framework is essential for understanding the tempo and triggers of carbon releases during the PETM. In this study, we constructed independent astrochronologic frameworks for the PETM using three high-resolution proxy records from the Fushun, Nanyang, and Tarim basins in China. By integrating statistical methods, including TimeOpt and Bayesian statistics, we identified statistically significant orbital signals and assessed age uncertainties. Our results indicate a synchronized marine and terrestrial carbon cycle perturbation during the PETM. The main body of the CIE lasted ∼100 kyr, with the onset ranging from ∼5 to 20 kyr. The spectral power of orbital eccentricity increased near the PETM onset, suggesting that astronomical forcing may have triggered the PETM. Additionally, two smaller carbon isotope excursions were identified before and after the PETM onset in some records, potentially coinciding with ∼100 kyr short eccentricity maxima, further supporting the eccentricity pacing of carbon cycles during this crucial climatic transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 104800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ignoring previous water conditions underestimates global terrestrial ecosystem productivity in severely arid vegetation regions","authors":"Jingyu Zeng ,&nbsp;Tao Zhou ,&nbsp;E. Tan ,&nbsp;Ying Yu ,&nbsp;Yajie Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuemei Wu ,&nbsp;Jingzhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Yancheng Qu ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of global climate change, changes in water conditions significantly affect the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impact of previous water conditions has not received sufficient attention. Using machine learning and a large amount of global ground observation data, we evaluated the impact of previous water conditions at various time scales on global productivity estimation through paired experiments and residual comparison methods. By incorporating run theory, we investigated the uncertainty introduced by neglecting previous water conditions in estimating ecosystem productivity across various levels of vegetation drought frequency, intensity, duration, and severity. We found that 36.8 % of global net primary productivity (NPP) is predominantly influenced by water conditions over the previous 24 months, a percentage higher than those observed at 6, 12, and 18-month time. Considering previous water conditions, the estimated global productivity was 66.72 Pg C yr⁻¹ (468.98 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹). Neglecting previous water conditions may lead to an underestimation of global productivity by up to 1.27 Pg C(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Regions experiencing severe, prolonged, and intense drought may have significant NPP estimation biases without considering previous water conditions. This study provides an important step toward understanding the impact of previous water conditions and vegetation drought disasters on the carbon sink function of global terrestrial ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error estimation and data fusion of root zone soil moisture products over China based on the three corned hat method","authors":"Jing Tian,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) plays a critical role in numerous ecological and environmental processes and holds significant importance for agriculture, hydrology, and climate studies. Although it can be estimated by hydrology or land surface models, the accuracy of such estimations is often limited. Data fusion offers a promising approach to improving RZSM estimation accuracy, yet few studies have explored this avenue. In our study, we address this gap by providing error estimation and data fusion for five RZSM datasets (ERA5-Land, MERRA2, CFSR, SMAP, GLDAS_NOAH2.1 (NOAH)) using the Three Cornered Hat (TCH) method. We evaluated the performance of the TCH method in assessing RZSM data products and in RZSM merging. Our results demonstrate that the TCH method accurately assesses the performance of RZSM products as validated against in situ measurements. Both in situ-based RMSE and TCH-based uncertainties reveal that MERRA2 and NOAH exhibit the best performance, followed by SMAP, CFSR and ERA5, with uncertainty medians of 0.019, 0.0187, 0.023, 0.021 and 0.028 (m³/m³), respectively. Comparisons of the accuracy for the TCH merged result and the individual RZSM product indicate that the merged result outperforms each individual product. The percentages of RMSE differences between the TCH merged result and the individual products less than −0.005 are 60.8 %, 62.3 %, 36.8 %, 41.7 %, and 51.2 % for CFSR, ERA5-Land, MERRA2, NOAH, and SMAP, respectively. These are significantly higher than the percentages of RMSE differences greater than 0.005. Given the TCH method's independence from in situ measurements, it is a promising option for RZSM data fusion. Overall, our study underscores the potential of the TCH method in evaluating RZSM products and performing data fusion to enhance RZSM estimation accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 104797"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}