Sustainable, just and circular decarbonization from lithium and hydrogen production

This study contemplates if hydrogen could be used instead of lithium as a primary energy source. To this end, the paper examines the existing literature and investment options to elicit foreseeable business and policy alternatives from circular economy, sustainability and justice perspectives. Currently, hydrogen is mainly used in the transportation sector due to the size of the fuel cells. Still, the inquiry shows the advantages of hydrogen over lithium as a power source, where a primary asset is the time required to refill the tanks. The main conclusion is that lithium, such as hydrogen, can be used in the long run for electromobility under certain circumstances. However, both technologies have advantages and disadvantages. Future research must be evaluated regarding recycling since there is not sufficient data yet. Lithium development will be a driver for meeting sustainable, just, and circular economy goals.