The coupling development of energy-economy-environment from the perspective of rural households: Insights into preventing returning to poverty

Interactions among energy, economic, and environmental systems are acknowledged, yet research on the coupling of these systems in rural areas remains limited. This study reveals the coupling development of energy-economy-environment (3E) systems from the perspective of rural households based on 1251 household questionnaires in 52 villages in China, using the dual cut-off method and coupling coordination degree model. The results indicate that: (1) The coupling and coordination of 3E systems in rural areas have gradually improved over time. However, each region in rural China is in a different stage of economic development and has a distinct energy consumption structure. (2) The key influencing factors of the 3E systems are power supply stability, years of schooling, and environmental conditions. (3) The coordinated development of 3E systems could effectively mitigate the risk of returning to poverty. This study offers valuable insights for enhancing rural revitalization and facilitating the modernization process of agriculture and rural regions.