Earthquake-proofing history: seismic assessment of Caserta Vecchia medieval bell tower

This study presents an integrated approach for the seismic assessment of the 13th-century San Michele Arcangelo Cathedral Bell Tower in Caserta Vecchia, Italy, utilizing a detailed photogrammetric survey and Finite Element (FE) modelling. The analysis focuses on the structural vulnerability and seismic response of the historical masonry tower to assess its response against earthquake-induced damage. By employing Ambient Vibration Tests (AVTs) present in literature and calibrating the FE model accordingly, the research identifies the principal vibrational modes and natural frequencies of the tower, enhancing the model's accuracy. Various earthquake intensities were inputted to the structural model to evaluate the bell tower's structural performance and potential collapse mechanisms. The findings reveal a significant susceptibility of damage under severe seismic conditions, emphasizing the critical need for tailored conservation strategies to preserve such irreplaceable cultural heritage. The study underscores the importance of integrating historical documentation, structural analysis, and modern engineering techniques to safeguard historical architecture in seismically active areas.