A mini-review for direct air capture (DAC) and direct ocean capture (DOC) using electrochemical technologies

The atmosphere and ocean are the two main carbon sinks in our earth, which retain over 70 % of discharged CO₂ every year. Direct air capture (DAC) and direct ocean capture (DOC) are proposed to remove CO₂ from the two carbon sinks to mitigate climate changes. This review first briefly overviews the main technique routes of DAC and DOC, with main consideration on electrochemical routes. Then, the state-of-art development, main challenges, and possible developing direction of electrochemical DAC and DOC are discussed according to reported tech-economic analysis and technique details. This mini-review is anticipated to help the readers have a deeper understanding of DAC and DOC.