Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100024
Zhiqing Tang , Baoxin Wu , Kejun Yan , Jiahui Luo , Mahmood Ul Haq , Lin Zeng
Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), an emerging green hydrogen technology, combines the benefits of alkaline water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis positioning it as a highly promising hydrogen production technology. Ensuring AEMWE stability is critical for its commercialization and large-scale application. This review firstly presents a concise analysis of AEMWE principles, recent achievements, and key factors influencing catalyst and membrane stability, along with a summary of recent advancements. Meanwhile, from an engineering perspective, this review examines the impact of bubble dynamics and operational conditions such as temperature, electrolyte flow rate, current density, and operating pressure on AEMWE stability. In the end, this review summarized the challenges and recent advances related to AEMWE stability and provided valuable guidelines for developing durable electrolyzer.
{"title":"Long-term stability for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis: Recent development and future perspectives","authors":"Zhiqing Tang , Baoxin Wu , Kejun Yan , Jiahui Luo , Mahmood Ul Haq , Lin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), an emerging green hydrogen technology, combines the benefits of alkaline water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis positioning it as a highly promising hydrogen production technology. Ensuring AEMWE stability is critical for its commercialization and large-scale application. This review firstly presents a concise analysis of AEMWE principles, recent achievements, and key factors influencing catalyst and membrane stability, along with a summary of recent advancements. Meanwhile, from an engineering perspective, this review examines the impact of bubble dynamics and operational conditions such as temperature, electrolyte flow rate, current density, and operating pressure on AEMWE stability. In the end, this review summarized the challenges and recent advances related to AEMWE stability and provided valuable guidelines for developing durable electrolyzer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2024.100020
Zhuo Li , Xianrui Qin , Yajun Li , Huaneng Su , Weiqi Zhang , Guisheng Xu , Qiang Ma , Lun Hua , Qian Xu
The atmosphere and ocean are the two main carbon sinks in our earth, which retain over 70 % of discharged CO2 every year. Direct air capture (DAC) and direct ocean capture (DOC) are proposed to remove CO2 from the two carbon sinks to mitigate climate changes. This review first briefly overviews the main technique routes of DAC and DOC, with main consideration on electrochemical routes. Then, the state-of-art development, main challenges, and possible developing direction of electrochemical DAC and DOC are discussed according to reported tech-economic analysis and technique details. This mini-review is anticipated to help the readers have a deeper understanding of DAC and DOC.
{"title":"A mini-review for direct air capture (DAC) and direct ocean capture (DOC) using electrochemical technologies","authors":"Zhuo Li , Xianrui Qin , Yajun Li , Huaneng Su , Weiqi Zhang , Guisheng Xu , Qiang Ma , Lun Hua , Qian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2024.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2024.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The atmosphere and ocean are the two main carbon sinks in our earth, which retain over 70 % of discharged CO<sub>2</sub> every year. Direct air capture (DAC) and direct ocean capture (DOC) are proposed to remove CO<sub>2</sub> from the two carbon sinks to mitigate climate changes. This review first briefly overviews the main technique routes of DAC and DOC, with main consideration on electrochemical routes. Then, the state-of-art development, main challenges, and possible developing direction of electrochemical DAC and DOC are discussed according to reported tech-economic analysis and technique details. This mini-review is anticipated to help the readers have a deeper understanding of DAC and DOC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cathode material of lithium-ion battery plays a significant role in performance of new energy vehicles. However, the lack of an effective preparation temperature optimization method and the variability of working conditions lead to high energy consumption and low product consistency. For this reason, this paper proposes an energy-efficient sintering temperature multimode control and optimization method for high-quality ternary cathode materials. Firstly, a product performance model describing grain size variation, and an energy consumption model combining heat transfer mechanism are established. With the objectives of minimizing particle size error and energy consumption, and considering sintering conditions as constraints, a multi-objective optimization formulation is constructed. To obtain an optimal setting temperature, a two-stage with two-population strategy is introduced into the state transition algorithm. The two populations determine the optimization region from different directions in the first stage, and collaborate with each other to search in the second stage. Then, a model prediction control method based on the triple sliding window is designed to achieve temperature tracking under multiple working conditions accurately. Finally, a semi-physical simulation platform for roller kiln based on Speedgoat is developed to verify and test the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed method.
{"title":"An Energy-Efficient Sintering Temperature Multimode Control and Optimization for High-Quality Ternary Cathode Materials","authors":"Jiayao Chen , Weihua Gui , Ning Chen , Wenjie Peng , Rui Liu , Xiaojun Zhou , Gui Gui , Yuqian Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cathode material of lithium-ion battery plays a significant role in performance of new energy vehicles. However, the lack of an effective preparation temperature optimization method and the variability of working conditions lead to high energy consumption and low product consistency. For this reason, this paper proposes an energy-efficient sintering temperature multimode control and optimization method for high-quality ternary cathode materials. Firstly, a product performance model describing grain size variation, and an energy consumption model combining heat transfer mechanism are established. With the objectives of minimizing particle size error and energy consumption, and considering sintering conditions as constraints, a multi-objective optimization formulation is constructed. To obtain an optimal setting temperature, a two-stage with two-population strategy is introduced into the state transition algorithm. The two populations determine the optimization region from different directions in the first stage, and collaborate with each other to search in the second stage. Then, a model prediction control method based on the triple sliding window is designed to achieve temperature tracking under multiple working conditions accurately. Finally, a semi-physical simulation platform for roller kiln based on Speedgoat is developed to verify and test the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100029
B. Aremo, S.I. Oyinseye, I.E. Akinwole, S.A. Ayodeji, G.F. Abass
Non-availability of grid-electricity in remote and rural areas presents a challenge for recharging secondary batteries. Mechanically rechargeable zinc-air batteries should mitigate this problem. This work reports a compact, mechanically rechargeable zinc-air battery built around the framework of an electroformed planar nickel mesh current collector. The battery performance was evaluated in longevity and polarization studies. Design and production of the planar, compact battery chassis was done using CAD and 3D printing. A zinc plate and 4-molar KOH were used for the anode and electrolyte respectively. The cathode is an air-breathing gas diffusion electrode that is pressed into the openings of the nickel mesh current collector. The battery electrodes each have a surface area of 400 mm2 while the OCV was 1.32 V. From the polarization studies, at a voltage of 1.0 V, a load of 710 Ω (or higher) can be imposed on the cell with the voltage remaining stable. The longevity test also shows that whilst powering a mini-DC motor for 6 hours, the polarisation potential depreciated only minimally.
{"title":"Mechanically rechargeable zinc-air battery for off-grid and remote power applications","authors":"B. Aremo, S.I. Oyinseye, I.E. Akinwole, S.A. Ayodeji, G.F. Abass","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-availability of grid-electricity in remote and rural areas presents a challenge for recharging secondary batteries. Mechanically rechargeable zinc-air batteries should mitigate this problem. This work reports a compact, mechanically rechargeable zinc-air battery built around the framework of an electroformed planar nickel mesh current collector. The battery performance was evaluated in longevity and polarization studies. Design and production of the planar, compact battery chassis was done using CAD and 3D printing. A zinc plate and 4-molar KOH were used for the anode and electrolyte respectively. The cathode is an air-breathing gas diffusion electrode that is pressed into the openings of the nickel mesh current collector. The battery electrodes each have a surface area of 400 mm<sup>2</sup> while the OCV was 1.32 V. From the polarization studies, at a voltage of 1.0 V, a load of 710 Ω (or higher) can be imposed on the cell with the voltage remaining stable. The longevity test also shows that whilst powering a mini-DC motor for 6 hours, the polarisation potential depreciated only minimally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2024.100015
Nadar Jebamerlin Selvaraj Janaki , D.S. Ivan Jebakumar , P. Sumithraj Premkumar
The depletion of traditional fuel reserves and the growing energy crisis have kindled research to develop alternative solutions for energy storage. In this context, we have explored three different compositions of ceria-zirconia solid solutions to identify the optimal composition for electrochemical energy storage. The solid solutions nanoparticles are synthesized employing green method using Melia dubia leaf extract and the synthesized nanomaterials are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis. spectroscopy, and SEM-EDX analyses to study the structural, vibrational, optical, and microstructural properties respectively. The electrical characterization is performed to investigate the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity of the synthesized solid solution nanoparticles as a function of applied frequency at different temperatures. The electrochemical energy storage characteristics of electrodes fabricated from ceria-zirconia solid solution nanoparticles are evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analyses. The findings demonstrate a significant enhancement in the energy storage characteristics of ceria upon forming a solid solution with zirconia (Ce0.25Zr0.75O2), thereby rendering it suitable for practical applications.
{"title":"Tuning the electrochemical performance of ceria-zirconia solid solution nanoparticles for energy storage applications","authors":"Nadar Jebamerlin Selvaraj Janaki , D.S. Ivan Jebakumar , P. Sumithraj Premkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2024.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2024.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The depletion of traditional fuel reserves and the growing energy crisis have kindled research to develop alternative solutions for energy storage. In this context, we have explored three different compositions of ceria-zirconia solid solutions to identify the optimal composition for electrochemical energy storage. The solid solutions nanoparticles are synthesized employing green method using <em>Melia dubia</em> leaf extract and the synthesized nanomaterials are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis. spectroscopy, and SEM-EDX analyses to study the structural, vibrational, optical, and microstructural properties respectively. The electrical characterization is performed to investigate the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity of the synthesized solid solution nanoparticles as a function of applied frequency at different temperatures. The electrochemical energy storage characteristics of electrodes fabricated from ceria-zirconia solid solution nanoparticles are evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analyses. The findings demonstrate a significant enhancement in the energy storage characteristics of ceria upon forming a solid solution with zirconia (Ce<sub>0.25</sub>Zr<sub>0.75</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), thereby rendering it suitable for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2024.100018
Yifei Zhu , Lyuming Pan , Yubai Li , Jiayou Ren
The liquid-cooled component is a key part of liquid-cooled thermal management system, which controls the temperature of batteries to ensure safety and high performance of batteries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advances in flow pattern design of liquid-cooled components. Two aspects including liquid cooling plates, a thin metal structure having one or more coolant channels passing through its interior; liquid cooling channels, channel structures connecting batteries to coolants in the form of simple straight tubes, curved tubes, or complex three-dimensional channel networks are systematically reviewed. The paper first discussed cooling plates: research indicates that adjusting the liquid cooling plate structure, the number of flow channels, flow direction, and size can effectively control the battery temperature. Research on liquid cooling channels is equally important, including optimization of the contact surface for reduced the thermal resistance, design of microchannel for enhanced heat transfer capabilities and adjusting channel numbers as well as inlet flow velocity for enhanced cooling performance. Therefore, through the careful design and optimization of cooling plates and channels, the performance of the battery thermal management system can be significantly improved to ensure the stability and reliability of the battery under various operating conditions, thereby promoting the development of electric vehicle technology.
{"title":"Advances in flow pattern design of liquid-cooled components for battery thermal management system","authors":"Yifei Zhu , Lyuming Pan , Yubai Li , Jiayou Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2024.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2024.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liquid-cooled component is a key part of liquid-cooled thermal management system, which controls the temperature of batteries to ensure safety and high performance of batteries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advances in flow pattern design of liquid-cooled components. Two aspects including liquid cooling plates, a thin metal structure having one or more coolant channels passing through its interior; liquid cooling channels, channel structures connecting batteries to coolants in the form of simple straight tubes, curved tubes, or complex three-dimensional channel networks are systematically reviewed. The paper first discussed cooling plates: research indicates that adjusting the liquid cooling plate structure, the number of flow channels, flow direction, and size can effectively control the battery temperature. Research on liquid cooling channels is equally important, including optimization of the contact surface for reduced the thermal resistance, design of microchannel for enhanced heat transfer capabilities and adjusting channel numbers as well as inlet flow velocity for enhanced cooling performance. Therefore, through the careful design and optimization of cooling plates and channels, the performance of the battery thermal management system can be significantly improved to ensure the stability and reliability of the battery under various operating conditions, thereby promoting the development of electric vehicle technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100036
Joachim Oehl , Andreas Gleiter , Daniel Manka , Alexander Fill , Kai Peter Birke
At low temperatures, lithium-ion cells exhibit poor performance, and especially during subzero temperature charging, specific ageing processes such as lithium plating can occur, leading to safety issues. An effective approach to heat up cells is to generate alternating current to produce power losses inside the cells. While many studies focus on the heating aspect, they often do not consider the ageing effects. Conversely, some research investigates the influence of current ripples on the cells’ lifetime. This study seeks to integrate the effects of current ripples and the heating process in relation to the ageing of the cell.
The research findings indicate that current ripples with a peak-to-peak value of approximately 40 A for a 3.5 Ah 18650 cell, as well as a cell voltage close to 0 V alternating with double the cell voltage at a high frequency of 250 kHz, have little to no effect on ageing at room temperature. However, when the cell was subjected to heating, specifically after 1800 heating cycles from −9 °C to 10 °C and an overall heating time exceeding 52 h with an average heat rate of nearly 11 K/Min, a capacity fade of approximately 7% linked to the heating was observed. This capacity fade is presumed to be due to mechanical stress resulting from rapid thermal changes in the cell.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of the impact of high-frequency alternating current on heating a Li-ion cell at subzero temperatures and its effect on lifetime","authors":"Joachim Oehl , Andreas Gleiter , Daniel Manka , Alexander Fill , Kai Peter Birke","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At low temperatures, lithium-ion cells exhibit poor performance, and especially during subzero temperature charging, specific ageing processes such as lithium plating can occur, leading to safety issues. An effective approach to heat up cells is to generate alternating current to produce power losses inside the cells. While many studies focus on the heating aspect, they often do not consider the ageing effects. Conversely, some research investigates the influence of current ripples on the cells’ lifetime. This study seeks to integrate the effects of current ripples and the heating process in relation to the ageing of the cell.</div><div>The research findings indicate that current ripples with a peak-to-peak value of approximately 40 A for a 3.5 Ah 18650 cell, as well as a cell voltage close to 0 V alternating with double the cell voltage at a high frequency of 250 kHz, have little to no effect on ageing at room temperature. However, when the cell was subjected to heating, specifically after 1800 heating cycles from −9 °C to 10 °C and an overall heating time exceeding 52 h with an average heat rate of nearly 11 K/Min, a capacity fade of approximately 7% linked to the heating was observed. This capacity fade is presumed to be due to mechanical stress resulting from rapid thermal changes in the cell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100027
Telma Costa , Daniela Pinheiro , J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo
Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFB) based on all-organic and organometallic compounds are promising systems for energy storage from intermittent renewable energy sources. Here we report a water based RFB using indigo carmine (IC), a water-soluble organic material, as anolyte in an all-organic and organometallic RFB. IC was paired with 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium salt monohydrate (BQDS) and potassium ferrocyanide (K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O) in sulfuric acid aqueous solution (1 M) and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (1 M), respectively. The impact of varying the concentration of IC and the active area dimensions of the electrochemical cell (4 cm2 and 16 cm2) on the performance of both RFBs was investigated. The all-organic IC/BQDS 4 cm2-RFB showed an increase in storage capacity from 22.3 mWh/L to 72.5 mWh/L with an increase in IC concentration from 5 mM to 10 mM. This was accompanied by a significant increase in capacity retention from 72 % to 97 %. For the organometallic IC/K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O] 4 cm2-RFB, the storage capacity increases (23.5 mWh/L vs. 49.2 mWh/L) and almost no changes were observed in capacity retention (27 % vs. 21 %) with increasing concentration. However, the capacity retention was significantly lower compared to the purely organic RFB (21 % vs. 72 %). Increasing the active area of the electrochemical cell from 4 cm2 to 16 cm2 positively influenced the performance of all-organic RFBs. This was particularly evident in the increased average discharge energy density and storage capacity. Symmetrical IC-RFBs were tested with a balanced and over-balanced cell configuration. The formation of isatin-5-sulphonic acid sodium salt by cleavage of the CC double bond causes a decrease in Coulombic efficiency and capacity fade rate. This study highlights the potential of IC as anolyte, the effect of the active area size of the electrochemical cell on the performance of all-organic redox flow battery systems, and the need to fine-tune the chemical structure of IC for long-term and large-scale applications.
{"title":"Investigation of symmetric and non-symmetric cell designs for redox flow batteries utilizing indigo carmine as anolyte","authors":"Telma Costa , Daniela Pinheiro , J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFB) based on all-organic and organometallic compounds are promising systems for energy storage from intermittent renewable energy sources. Here we report a water based RFB using indigo carmine (IC), a water-soluble organic material, as anolyte in an all-organic and organometallic RFB. IC was paired with 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium salt monohydrate (BQDS) and potassium ferrocyanide (K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]·3H<sub>2</sub>O) in sulfuric acid aqueous solution (1 M) and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (1 M), respectively. The impact of varying the concentration of IC and the active area dimensions of the electrochemical cell (4 cm<sup>2</sup> and 16 cm<sup>2</sup>) on the performance of both RFBs was investigated. The all-organic IC/BQDS 4 cm<sup>2</sup>-RFB showed an increase in storage capacity from 22.3 mWh/L to 72.5 mWh/L with an increase in IC concentration from 5 mM to 10 mM. This was accompanied by a significant increase in capacity retention from 72 % to 97 %. For the organometallic IC/K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]·3H<sub>2</sub>O] 4 cm<sup>2</sup>-RFB, the storage capacity increases (23.5 mWh/L <em>vs</em>. 49.2 mWh/L) and almost no changes were observed in capacity retention (27 % <em>vs</em>. 21 %) with increasing concentration. However, the capacity retention was significantly lower compared to the purely organic RFB (21 % <em>vs</em>. 72 %). Increasing the active area of the electrochemical cell from 4 cm<sup>2</sup> to 16 cm<sup>2</sup> positively influenced the performance of all-organic RFBs. This was particularly evident in the increased average discharge energy density and storage capacity. Symmetrical IC-RFBs were tested with a balanced and over-balanced cell configuration. The formation of isatin-5-sulphonic acid sodium salt by cleavage of the C<img>C double bond causes a decrease in Coulombic efficiency and capacity fade rate. This study highlights the potential of IC as anolyte, the effect of the active area size of the electrochemical cell on the performance of all-organic redox flow battery systems, and the need to fine-tune the chemical structure of IC for long-term and large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100046
Jonas Bokstaller, Marlena Cerny, Johannes Schneider
Accurately predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RuL) of a battery is essential for effective maintenance scheduling and proactive replacement to avoid costly and hazardous outages. Traditional RuL predictions focus on remaining charging cycles, which do not accurately represent real-world usage where calendar time is a more relevant metric, especially for knowing when the battery will reach End of Life (EoL). We propose an innovative data-driven RuL estimation method that predicts battery life in calendar months instead of charging cycles. Our approach leverages low-frequency utilization data from IoT devices, without the need for additional internal sensors and enabling seamless integration with existing IoT platforms. Tested on a proprietary battery dataset, our method achieves higher RuL prediction accuracy compared to current models. To illustrate the benefits of our solution, we put it in the context of the automotive industry with a prominent use case of IoT battery management systems in Electric Vehicles (EVs). We propose an application of our RuL method for battery leasing contract optimization. The model shifts the uncertainty of battery performance and longevity from EV owners to leasing companies, highlighting the necessity for efficient battery stock management as the leasing market grows. Our method addresses key challenges for leasing companies, such as fixed leasing durations and post-lease battery reallocation. Although demonstrated through EV battery leasing, our method is versatile and applicable to various battery-dependent sectors, including small-scale IoT devices, laptops, and heavy machinery.
{"title":"Calendar-based RuL prediction for batteries: A data-driven approach using IoT device utilization data","authors":"Jonas Bokstaller, Marlena Cerny, Johannes Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RuL) of a battery is essential for effective maintenance scheduling and proactive replacement to avoid costly and hazardous outages. Traditional RuL predictions focus on remaining charging cycles, which do not accurately represent real-world usage where calendar time is a more relevant metric, especially for knowing when the battery will reach End of Life (EoL). We propose an innovative data-driven RuL estimation method that predicts battery life in calendar months instead of charging cycles. Our approach leverages low-frequency utilization data from IoT devices, without the need for additional internal sensors and enabling seamless integration with existing IoT platforms. Tested on a proprietary battery dataset, our method achieves higher RuL prediction accuracy compared to current models. To illustrate the benefits of our solution, we put it in the context of the automotive industry with a prominent use case of IoT battery management systems in Electric Vehicles (EVs). We propose an application of our RuL method for battery leasing contract optimization. The model shifts the uncertainty of battery performance and longevity from EV owners to leasing companies, highlighting the necessity for efficient battery stock management as the leasing market grows. Our method addresses key challenges for leasing companies, such as fixed leasing durations and post-lease battery reallocation. Although demonstrated through EV battery leasing, our method is versatile and applicable to various battery-dependent sectors, including small-scale IoT devices, laptops, and heavy machinery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100031
Qian Huang , Lin Zeng , Najeeb ur Rehman Lashari , Zebo Huang , Xing Xie
Energy storage technologies (EST) are essential for addressing the challenge of the imbalance between energy supply and demand, which is caused by the intermittent and stochastic nature of renewable energy sources. Electrochemical EST are promising emerging storage options, offering advantages such as high energy density, minimal space occupation, and flexible deployment compared to pumped hydro storage. However, their large-scale commercialization is still constrained by technical and high-cost factors. The techno-economic analysis of electrochemical EST continues to attract considerable discussion. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the economic viability of various prominent electrochemical EST, including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, redox flow batteries, lead-acid batteries, and hydrogen energy storage. We first explain the principles and technical characteristics of these distinct EST, comparing them based on factors such as battery performance, resource availability, environmental impact, and cost. Subsequently, their applications and benefits are investigated, with some evaluation methods for revenues provided. Additionally, we present an innovative discussion from the perspective of research focus, specifically classifying and analyzing these topics. Finally, an outlook is provided for the future techno-economic research of electrochemical EST.
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