Genomic synergy in food traceability: Enhancing global food safety and security

The global food system faces unprecedented challenges from foodborne diseases, contamination, fraud, and climate change-induced disruptions, threatening public health and food security. Traditional traceability systems, reliant on barcodes and manual records, are increasingly inadequate in managing complex supply chains and ensuring food safety. This review explores how the integration of genomic technologies—DNA barcoding, next-generation sequencing, and CRISPR diagnostics—with digital platforms such as blockchain, IoT, and AI can transform food traceability systems. These technologies offer unparalleled accuracy in pathogen detection, species verification, and fraud prevention, enabling real-time monitoring and predictive capabilities across supply chains. The paper highlights the critical role of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing genomic traceability, incorporating insights from molecular biology, law, sociology, and economics to address technical, ethical, and societal challenges. Key policy recommendations include harmonizing global standards, promoting equitable access in low-income regions, and strengthening data privacy regulations. Case studies demonstrate the transformative potential of genomic traceability, from combating seafood fraud in Southeast Asia to enabling rapid outbreak responses in high-income countries. Future research should focus on improving the scalability, affordability, and accessibility of genomic tools, particularly for resource-limited regions. By fostering international collaboration and aligning genomic innovations with sustainability goals, these technologies can strengthen global food security and public health. This paper contributes to the growing discourse on the integration of genomics in food systems, offering a pathway toward a resilient, transparent, and equitable global food supply chain.