Strategic use of the second-tier patent system for short life-cycle technologies — Evidence from parallel filings in China

The second-tier patent system, characterized by relatively low protectability standards, has been adopted by many countries, yet empirical analyses of its utilization are scarce. Utilizing Chinese patent data, this study explores “parallel filings” where a second-tier patent is filed simultaneously with an invention patent, to shed light on its practical use. The findings suggest that while parallel filings generally cover inventions with a narrower scope, they receive more citations and are more frequently licensed or transferred in their early years compared to standard patents. This study posits that parallel filing is a strategic choice for technologies with short life cycles that rapidly gain but quickly lose value. The swift issuance of second-tier patents aids in the diffusion of knowledge and technology transfer, enabling patentees to capitalize on fast-evolving technologies. This study contributes valuable empirical insights into how the second-tier patent system supports short life-cycle technologies.