Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106749
Using data on GitHub users around the world, we estimate the effects of transitions to Daylight Saving Time on worker activity. In daily activity, transitions appear short lived—there is evidence of two days of declines before activity returns to baseline levels. However, hourly analysis reveals a transition to Daylight Saving Time that is much longer—losses appear in the early working hours of work days into a second week following the initiation of Daylight Saving Time.
{"title":"Productivity losses in the transition to Daylight Saving Time: Evidence from hourly GitHub activity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data on GitHub users around the world, we estimate the effects of transitions to Daylight Saving Time on worker activity. In daily activity, transitions appear short lived—there is evidence of two days of declines before activity returns to baseline levels. However, hourly analysis reveals a transition to Daylight Saving Time that is much longer—losses appear in the early working hours of work days into a second week following the initiation of Daylight Saving Time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106748
We use a three-period model to explore the optimal asset transfer that a present self, aware that her near future self is present-biased but better informed, will make to protect her far future self against income shocks. The model captures the present self’s trade-off between using illiquid savings as a commitment mechanism, restricting the near future self from its consumption temptations; and giving flexibility to the near future self to adjust consumption after knowing the shock size. We adopt a class of utility functions, à la Epstein–Zin, to vary risk aversion while holding time preferences fixed. Our main result states that a more risk-averse agent would purchase more illiquid assets.
{"title":"How risk aversion shapes the trade-off between commitment and flexibility","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use a three-period model to explore the optimal asset transfer that a present self, aware that her near future self is present-biased but better informed, will make to protect her far future self against income shocks. The model captures the present self’s trade-off between using illiquid savings as a commitment mechanism, restricting the near future self from its consumption temptations; and giving flexibility to the near future self to adjust consumption after knowing the shock size. We adopt a class of utility functions, à la Epstein–Zin, to vary risk aversion while holding time preferences fixed. Our main result states that a more risk-averse agent would purchase more illiquid assets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106745
Given the recent concerns about de-globalization following the pandemic, this study explores the extent to which the performance of multinational firms (specifically their foreign subsidiaries) is influenced by country-specific, sectoral, and firm-level factors, drawing on a firm-level panel of more than 130 thousand foreign subsidiaries in 99 countries. We find evidence that a rise in host country household spending (per capita) improves the financial performance of foreign subsidiaries. This suggests that host countries with growing household spending show greater market potential, enabling foreign companies to generate higher returns. In addition, this positive return is contingent on the subsidiary's local knowledge and entry mode strategies, and the positive effect is more prominent during times of uncertainties like the recent global pandemic. Furthermore, we find that this positive effect of greater household spending is conditional on the sectoral affiliation of firms, namely, digital versus non-digital sectors. As foreign companies in the digital sector are typically characterized by advanced sophisticated technologies and know-how, they tend to benefit more in countries where per capita household spending is greater. Our results support the rationale for globalization in the digitalized world.
{"title":"Host country household spending and foreign subsidiary performance: The role of local knowledge, entry mode strategies, and the digital economy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the recent concerns about de-globalization following the pandemic, this study explores the extent to which the performance of multinational firms (specifically their foreign subsidiaries) is influenced by country-specific, sectoral, and firm-level factors, drawing on a firm-level panel of more than 130 thousand foreign subsidiaries in 99 countries. We find evidence that a rise in host country household spending (per capita) improves the financial performance of foreign subsidiaries. This suggests that host countries with growing household spending show greater market potential, enabling foreign companies to generate higher returns. In addition, this positive return is contingent on the subsidiary's local knowledge and entry mode strategies, and the positive effect is more prominent during times of uncertainties like the recent global pandemic. Furthermore, we find that this positive effect of greater household spending is conditional on the sectoral affiliation of firms, namely, digital versus non-digital sectors. As foreign companies in the digital sector are typically characterized by advanced sophisticated technologies and know-how, they tend to benefit more in countries where per capita household spending is greater. Our results support the rationale for globalization in the digitalized world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106750
The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 entailed the threat of a drastic and sudden reduction of natural gas supply to the European Union. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the consequences of a sudden gas supply shock to Austria, one of the most dependent countries on imports of Russian gas. Our analysis comprises (a) a detailed assessment of supply and demand side countermeasures to mitigate the immediate shortfall in Russian gas imports, (b) a mapping of the net reduction in gas supply to industrial sectors to quantify direct economic shocks and expected relative reductions in gross output and (c) the quantification of higher-order economic impacts through using a dynamic out-of-equilibrium input–output model. Our results show that potential economic consequences can range from relatively mild to highly severe, depending on the implementation and success of counteracting mitigation measures. We find that securing alternative gas imports, storage management, and incentivizing fuel switching represent the most important short-term policy levers to mitigate the adverse impacts of a sudden import stop.
{"title":"Economic impacts of a drastic gas supply shock and short-term mitigation strategies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 entailed the threat of a drastic and sudden reduction of natural gas supply to the European Union. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the consequences of a sudden gas supply shock to Austria, one of the most dependent countries on imports of Russian gas. Our analysis comprises (a) a detailed assessment of supply and demand side countermeasures to mitigate the immediate shortfall in Russian gas imports, (b) a mapping of the net reduction in gas supply to industrial sectors to quantify direct economic shocks and expected relative reductions in gross output and (c) the quantification of higher-order economic impacts through using a dynamic out-of-equilibrium input–output model. Our results show that potential economic consequences can range from relatively mild to highly severe, depending on the implementation and success of counteracting mitigation measures. We find that securing alternative gas imports, storage management, and incentivizing fuel switching represent the most important short-term policy levers to mitigate the adverse impacts of a sudden import stop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106746
The decisive oath is an interesting but little-known element in some legal proceedings, mostly in civil law traditions. It is different from ordinary (testimonial) oaths that are routinely administered to witnesses at trial with the aim of eliciting only truthful testimony, but which are of dubious value in achieving that end. By contrast, a decisive oath can end a lawsuit in cases where the plaintiff has no evidence. We use a simple economic model of litigation to examine the impact of the decisive oath in resolving lawsuits and the effects of religious status on the likelihoods of requesting and taking the oath. To test the implications of the model, we use data from the early nineteenth century Ottoman courts to examine the empirical relationship between the stakes of the case, religious status of defendants, and litigation outcomes. The results show that as the stakes of a case increased: (1) resolution by evidence-based trial or the oath option were both more likely than settlement; (2) the plaintiff was less likely to request an oath from non-religious defendants as the baseline, with an additional effect that was also negative and even greater for religious defendants; and (3) non-religious defendants were more likely to take the oath, with an additional effect that was negative for religious defendants, which offset or reversed the baseline positive effect. Our analysis contributes both to the theoretical literature on the economics of dispute resolution, and to the historical literature on the role of decisive oaths in resolving legal disputes, especially in Islamic societies and civil law traditions.
{"title":"Resolving lawsuits with a decisive oath: An economic analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decisive oath is an interesting but little-known element in some legal proceedings, mostly in civil law traditions. It is different from ordinary (testimonial) oaths that are routinely administered to witnesses at trial with the aim of eliciting only truthful testimony, but which are of dubious value in achieving that end. By contrast, a decisive oath can end a lawsuit in cases where the plaintiff has no evidence. We use a simple economic model of litigation to examine the impact of the decisive oath in resolving lawsuits and the effects of religious status on the likelihoods of requesting and taking the oath. To test the implications of the model, we use data from the early nineteenth century Ottoman courts to examine the empirical relationship between the stakes of the case, religious status of defendants, and litigation outcomes. The results show that as the stakes of a case increased: (1) resolution by evidence-based trial or the oath option were both more likely than settlement; (2) the plaintiff was less likely to request an oath from non-religious defendants as the baseline, with an additional effect that was also negative and even greater for religious defendants; and (3) non-religious defendants were more likely to take the oath, with an additional effect that was negative for religious defendants, which offset or reversed the baseline positive effect. Our analysis contributes both to the theoretical literature on the economics of dispute resolution, and to the historical literature on the role of decisive oaths in resolving legal disputes, especially in Islamic societies and civil law traditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106740
Using a novel dataset covering over one million firm-level energy consumption entries from 2007-2016, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the causal effect of tax incentives on carbon emission intensity by exploiting China’s staggered implementation of accelerated depreciation policies for fixed assets in 2014 and 2015. We find that the accelerated depreciation policy leads to a significant 9.19% reduction in carbon emission intensity, equivalent to 0.11 tons of carbon emissions per 10,000 RMB of industrial value added. The policy effect is more pronounced for large firms, those with medium-term assets, and in regions with greater market integration and industrial agglomeration. Our firm-level analysis reveals that the policy reduces energy consumption, promotes a shift towards a cleaner energy portfolio and increases R&D investments in abatement technologies, as well as climate-friendly innovations. The above results show high consistency with verification at the aggregation level using satellite-based observations. Our findings highlight the potential of well-designed fiscal policies to contribute to global climate action efforts in developing economies.
{"title":"The green bonus of tax incentives: Evidence from China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a novel dataset covering over one million firm-level energy consumption entries from 2007-2016, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the causal effect of tax incentives on carbon emission intensity by exploiting China’s staggered implementation of accelerated depreciation policies for fixed assets in 2014 and 2015. We find that the accelerated depreciation policy leads to a significant 9.19% reduction in carbon emission intensity, equivalent to 0.11 tons of carbon emissions per 10,000 RMB of industrial value added. The policy effect is more pronounced for large firms, those with medium-term assets, and in regions with greater market integration and industrial agglomeration. Our firm-level analysis reveals that the policy reduces energy consumption, promotes a shift towards a cleaner energy portfolio and increases R&D investments in abatement technologies, as well as climate-friendly innovations. The above results show high consistency with verification at the aggregation level using satellite-based observations. Our findings highlight the potential of well-designed fiscal policies to contribute to global climate action efforts in developing economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106743
We experimentally investigate reasons for opposing market institutions. The experiment shows that opposition to implementing market institutions varies by background characteristics and shows that distributional concerns are a reason for opposing trade institutions. We find no evidence that the opposition to trade is due to risk preferences or paternalistic motives. A main driver of the opposition to trade is the information about background conditions: veils of uncertainty increase the support for the trade institution.
{"title":"Opposition to markets: Experimental evidence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We experimentally investigate reasons for opposing market institutions. The experiment shows that opposition to implementing market institutions varies by background characteristics and shows that distributional concerns are a reason for opposing trade institutions. We find no evidence that the opposition to trade is due to risk preferences or paternalistic motives. A main driver of the opposition to trade is the information about background conditions: veils of uncertainty increase the support for the trade institution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106751
We study the interrelationship between the gender gap in numeracy and socioeconomic status (SES) based on household income, parental education, and labor force status. A composite measure of SES confirms the well-established fact that boys from lower SES are more disadvantaged. In contrast, we find that separately the three aspects of higher SES interact uniquely with gender to drive differential outcomes in numeracy for girls and boys. Income and mother’s role in particular, are important drivers of the gender gap at the extremes of the income distribution. Mother’s education and labor force participation is associated with increasingly higher test scores for girls across the income distribution, thus leading to a double disadvantage for poor girls. But the gender gap does not disappear at the top of the income distribution, as for boys, test scores increase with stay-at-home mothers. In high-income households boys benefit from a traditional household structure; while in low-income households, the gap is driven by girls having worse numeracy scores in the traditional household structure.
{"title":"Gender, socioeconomic status, and numeracy test scores","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the interrelationship between the gender gap in numeracy and socioeconomic status (SES) based on household income, parental education, and labor force status. A composite measure of SES confirms the well-established fact that boys from lower SES are more disadvantaged. In contrast, we find that separately the three aspects of higher SES interact uniquely with gender to drive differential outcomes in numeracy for girls and boys. Income and mother’s role in particular, are important drivers of the gender gap at the extremes of the income distribution. Mother’s education and labor force participation is associated with increasingly higher test scores for girls across the income distribution, thus leading to a double disadvantage for poor girls. But the gender gap does not disappear at the top of the income distribution, as for boys, test scores increase with stay-at-home mothers. In high-income households boys benefit from a traditional household structure; while in low-income households, the gap is driven by girls having worse numeracy scores in the traditional household structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124003652/pdfft?md5=c622ccfa111cf45714988787578e5f4d&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124003652-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106736
In order to maintain the function of a decentralized financial system like Bitcoin, transaction fees are offered to engage miners in the transaction confirmation process. This paper investigates the effect of miner competition on the equilibrium transaction fees. We develop a game-theoretic model with costly entry into mining activities. We find that miners may strategically assemble fewer transactions into a block to reduce total fees, and as a result, to deter entry. Equilibrium transaction fees also depend on block rewards as a rise in total fees is accompanied by a drop in rewards. Our empirical analysis supports the model’s predictions. We provide evidence on the existence of excess capacity in a block, taking into account the random confirmation process. The empirical findings demonstrate that heightened competition tends to increase the block size and total fees. Furthermore, the halving of rewards correlates to a fee hike.
{"title":"Miner competition and transaction fees","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to maintain the function of a decentralized financial system like Bitcoin, transaction fees are offered to engage miners in the transaction confirmation process. This paper investigates the effect of miner competition on the equilibrium transaction fees. We develop a game-theoretic model with costly entry into mining activities. We find that miners may strategically assemble fewer transactions into a block to reduce total fees, and as a result, to deter entry. Equilibrium transaction fees also depend on block rewards as a rise in total fees is accompanied by a drop in rewards. Our empirical analysis supports the model’s predictions. We provide evidence on the existence of excess capacity in a block, taking into account the random confirmation process. The empirical findings demonstrate that heightened competition tends to increase the block size and total fees. Furthermore, the halving of rewards correlates to a fee hike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124003500/pdfft?md5=d2c49209c7c960727db657c0fdaa2860&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124003500-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106742
This paper analyzes the relationship between charitable giving and political candidacy. It uses individual-level Norwegian register data, which is combined with data on the universe of candidates running for local elections (2003–2021). These data include information on tax-deductible donations to approved organizations. Existing and new evidence suggest these gifts are a valid marker of pro-social preferences, with charitable contributors also displaying a positive correlation with competence. The average politician is more generous than the general population both before, during, and after their election to public office. An event study indicates that while contributions remain predominantly stable; they increase modestly when candidates are standing for election and decrease afterward.
{"title":"Are politicians more generous? Evidence from charitable giving","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the relationship between charitable giving and political candidacy. It uses individual-level Norwegian register data, which is combined with data on the universe of candidates running for local elections (2003–2021). These data include information on tax-deductible donations to approved organizations. Existing and new evidence suggest these gifts are a valid marker of pro-social preferences, with charitable contributors also displaying a positive correlation with competence. The average politician is more generous than the general population both before, during, and after their election to public office. An event study indicates that while contributions remain predominantly stable; they increase modestly when candidates are standing for election and decrease afterward.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124003561/pdfft?md5=d2b080e7616dcd2d6f5e4a115fa29455&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124003561-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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