Land use, soiling impact and distance to electrical grid applied to determine the viability of Solar Photovoltaic Systems in the south of Spain

This study assesses the viability of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations in southern Spain by developing a GIS-based viability index. Given the region’s high solar potential and the need to reduce carbon emissions, PV systems present a promising solution. However, their deployment requires analyzing key environmental, logistical, and technical factors. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), this research introduces a composite viability indicator that accounts for solar potential, soiling impact, environmental sensitivity, and proximity to electrical grid nodes. Results reveal that nearly 50% of the study territory is suitable for PV projects, with several high-potential zones for efficient, sustainable energy generation. This viability index provides an essential tool for informed strategic planning, supporting the transition to renewable energy and enabling more targeted, environmentally sensitive development of PV systems in southern Spain.