Primary Neuro-endocrine Carcinoma of the oral cavity – Report of a rare case

Introduction

Neuroectodermal neoplasms include epithelial and non-epithelial types. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC), primarily a lung cancer, can also appear in the head and neck region. Extra-pulmonary SNECs are rare, with a significant smoking history being a common factor.

Case report

A 60-year-old female presented with a six-month history of painful swelling in the lower right jaw. Examination revealed a firm, tender swelling with tooth mobility and right submandibular lymphadenopathy. Imaging showed a diffuse radiolucent lesion with root resorption. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry confirmed poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. The patient underwent partial mandibulectomy and radical neck dissection, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. A 16-month follow-up showed no recurrence.

Conclusion

Oral cavity SNEC is rare and aggressive, necessitating thorough differential diagnosis. A combination of surgery and chemotherapy is a viable treatment for localized lesions, though standardized protocols are lacking. Enhanced awareness and further research are essential for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.