Machine learning approaches for predicting reservoir lithofacies: Geological implications in the Tendrara-Missour basin, Morocco

Lithofacies identification is crucial for reservoir characterization, as reservoir quality is closely tied to lithofacies distribution, directly impacting hydrocarbon recovery. Conventional core analysis, while informative, is often limited to partially cored reservoirs. Well logs, such as gamma ray, density, and sonic logs, offer continuous reservoir information, making them valuable for lithofacies identification. In the Tendrara-Missour basin, four TAGI (Trias Argilo-Gréseux Inférieur) reservoir lithofacies were identified: sandstone, pebbly sandstone, conglomerate, and claystone-siltstone.

This research represents the first application of machine learning for reservoir lithofacies identification in Morocco, aimed to predict and reconstruct lithofacies in 417 m of non-cored sections from three wells using machine learning models: Random Forest (RF), Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN), and Cluster Analysis (CA). MLPNN achieved the highest accuracy (87%), capturing complex non-linear relationships in well-log data. RF performed reasonably well (82%) but struggled to differentiate pebbly sandstone from conglomerate due to similar log responses. CA, with an accuracy of 44%, faced challenges distinguishing lithofacies with overlapping log responses.

The MLPNN model revealed rapid lateral lithofacies variation despite well proximity and identified fining upward sequences, indicating energy transitions typical of fluvial and alluvial settings. These findings underscore the effectiveness of machine learning in reservoir characterization, offering a cost-efficient alternative to extensive core analysis. The successful application of the MLPNN model in well log data demonstrates its suitability for lithological discrimination, making it a valuable tool for reservoir studies. Future integration of MLPNN results with seismic data could further enhance lithofacies mapping and support hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir management efforts in the Tendrara-Missour basin.