Converting residues of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts into MOR/MFI with a full composite ratio via a crystal seed strategy

Considering the complex composition of fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCCR), it is a challenge to convert FCCR into MOR/MFI composite zeolites with a full composite ratio (i.e., MOR:MFI = 0: 100 %–100 %: 0). A crystal seed strategy is proposed to guide the crystallization phase and regulate properties such as porosity, morphology, acidity, and chemical coordination of MOR/MFI composite zeolites. In dehydration of glucose, MOR/MFI composite zeolite has a more excellent conversion of glucose and higher yield of 5-HMF than those of MOR zeolite. Based on the in-situ FTIR investigation, a higher concentration of fructose improve the dehydration to generate 5-HMF on MOR/MFI composite zeolites. Activation energy of dehydration of glucose decreases from 136.73 kJ/mol to 120.12 kJ/mol when using MOR/MFI composite zeolites. Proposed crystal seed strategy achieves the oriented conversion of FCCR to MOR/MFI composite zeolites with a desirable composition, which is also an important reference for other types of composite zeolites.