{"title":"与零因子图相关图的自同构群","authors":"Songnian Xu , Dein Wong , Yan Wang , Fenglei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.dam.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2016, the authors of Wang (2016) have determined the automorphisms of the zero-divisor graph <span><math><mrow><mi>Γ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, where the graph is defined in such a way: the vertices are all nonzero zero-divisors of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and there is a directed edge from <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span> to <span><math><mi>B</mi></math></span> if and only if <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>. Regretfully, the graph <span><math><mrow><mi>Γ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> is over square matrices, directed, finite and with some loops. Thus we are motivated to improve the definition such that the new defined graph can be infinite, undirected, without loops and it can be over rectangular matrices. Let <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> be the set of all <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span> rectangular matrices over the field of complex (or real) number. By <span><math><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> we mean the conjugate transpose of <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Let <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> be the graph whose vertex set consists of all nonzero matrices in <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> with rank less than <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>, and two vertices <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span> are adjacent if and only if <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> (if <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> is the real field, that is <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msup><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>). Note that <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> if and only if <span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> for a nonzero matrix <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Thus <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> is infinite, undirected and without loops. In the present paper, the automorphisms of <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> are determined completely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50573,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","volume":"366 ","pages":"Pages 35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Automorphism group of a graph related to zero-divisor graphs\",\"authors\":\"Songnian Xu , Dein Wong , Yan Wang , Fenglei Tian\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.dam.2025.01.013\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>In 2016, the authors of Wang (2016) have determined the automorphisms of the zero-divisor graph <span><math><mrow><mi>Γ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, where the graph is defined in such a way: the vertices are all nonzero zero-divisors of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and there is a directed edge from <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span> to <span><math><mi>B</mi></math></span> if and only if <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>. Regretfully, the graph <span><math><mrow><mi>Γ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> is over square matrices, directed, finite and with some loops. Thus we are motivated to improve the definition such that the new defined graph can be infinite, undirected, without loops and it can be over rectangular matrices. Let <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> be the set of all <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span> rectangular matrices over the field of complex (or real) number. By <span><math><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> we mean the conjugate transpose of <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Let <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> be the graph whose vertex set consists of all nonzero matrices in <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> with rank less than <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>, and two vertices <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span> are adjacent if and only if <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> (if <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> is the real field, that is <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msup><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>). Note that <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> if and only if <span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msup><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> for a nonzero matrix <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Thus <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> is infinite, undirected and without loops. In the present paper, the automorphisms of <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> are determined completely.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50573,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Discrete Applied Mathematics\",\"volume\":\"366 \",\"pages\":\"Pages 35-43\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Discrete Applied Mathematics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166218X25000198\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/18 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS, APPLIED\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166218X25000198","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/18 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
2016年,Wang(2016)的作者确定了零因子图Γ(Mn(Fq))的自同构,其中图的定义如下:顶点都是Mn(Fq)的非零零因子,并且当且仅当AB=0时存在从a到B的有向边。遗憾的是,图Γ(Mn(Fq))是在方阵上,有向的,有限的和一些循环。因此,我们有动力改进定义,使新定义的图可以是无限的,无向的,没有循环的,并且可以在矩形矩阵上。设Mm,n(F)是复数(或实数)域上所有m×n矩形矩阵的集合。ĀT是指A∈Mm的共轭转置,n(F)设Ω(Mm,n(F))为顶点集由Mm,n(F)中秩小于n的所有非零矩阵组成的图,且两个顶点A,B相邻当且仅当ABT=0(当F是实数域,即ABT=0)。注意,对于非零矩阵a∈Mm,n(F), AB T=0当且仅当BĀT=0且AĀT≠0。因此Ω(Mm,n(F))是无限的,无向的,没有循环的。本文完全确定了Ω(Mm,n(F))的自同构。
Automorphism group of a graph related to zero-divisor graphs
In 2016, the authors of Wang (2016) have determined the automorphisms of the zero-divisor graph , where the graph is defined in such a way: the vertices are all nonzero zero-divisors of and there is a directed edge from to if and only if . Regretfully, the graph is over square matrices, directed, finite and with some loops. Thus we are motivated to improve the definition such that the new defined graph can be infinite, undirected, without loops and it can be over rectangular matrices. Let be the set of all rectangular matrices over the field of complex (or real) number. By we mean the conjugate transpose of . Let be the graph whose vertex set consists of all nonzero matrices in with rank less than , and two vertices are adjacent if and only if (if is the real field, that is ). Note that if and only if and for a nonzero matrix . Thus is infinite, undirected and without loops. In the present paper, the automorphisms of are determined completely.
期刊介绍:
The aim of Discrete Applied Mathematics is to bring together research papers in different areas of algorithmic and applicable discrete mathematics as well as applications of combinatorial mathematics to informatics and various areas of science and technology. Contributions presented to the journal can be research papers, short notes, surveys, and possibly research problems. The "Communications" section will be devoted to the fastest possible publication of recent research results that are checked and recommended for publication by a member of the Editorial Board. The journal will also publish a limited number of book announcements as well as proceedings of conferences. These proceedings will be fully refereed and adhere to the normal standards of the journal.
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