Comprehensive study of traditional glaucoma drainage devices and emerging Micro Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) devices: A review

Glaucoma is a neurogenerative, irreversible disorder caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye, which can lead to vision loss. Currently, reducing IOP by providing an alternate pathway to aqueous humor is the only proven method for preventing glaucoma. It was found in the literature that traditional Glaucoma Drainage Devices (GDD) have proven effective in safety and reducing intraocular pressure. In recent years, a category of Micro Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) has emerged, offering smaller and less invasive surgical procedures compared to conventional GDD. This comprehensive literature review focuses on the fluid mechanics of these implants, their structural parameters, and associated clinical studies. The goal is to assist researchers, scientists, and manufacturers in improving the design of glaucoma implants to achieve long-term success.