Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2025.100145
Seydanur Yücer , Begüm Sarac , Fatih Ciftci
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged as a transformative class of materials in the biomedical field, offering exceptional versatility and efficacy. This study highlights the unique mechanical, electrical, and biocompatible properties of CNMs that make them indispensable for applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, tissue engineering, and medical implants. Specifically, graphene's remarkable conductivity and mechanical strength enhance biosensor sensitivity and scaffold durability, while the tubular structure and functional surface chemistry of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) improve cellular interactions and mechanical stability in implants. Carbon dots, with their tunable fluorescence and high biocompatibility, are proving to be powerful agents for bioimaging, enabling more precise diagnostics.
This review consolidates recent advancements in the synthesis, functionalization, and biomedical integration of CNMs, emphasizing their role in next-generation applications. Notably, it addresses challenges related to scalable production and clinical safety, offering insights into overcoming these obstacles. The findings underline the transformative potential of CNMs in revolutionizing therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, paving the way for innovative solutions in healthcare.
{"title":"Tissue engineering and biosensing applications of carbon-based nanomaterials","authors":"Seydanur Yücer , Begüm Sarac , Fatih Ciftci","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged as a transformative class of materials in the biomedical field, offering exceptional versatility and efficacy. This study highlights the unique mechanical, electrical, and biocompatible properties of CNMs that make them indispensable for applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, tissue engineering, and medical implants. Specifically, graphene's remarkable conductivity and mechanical strength enhance biosensor sensitivity and scaffold durability, while the tubular structure and functional surface chemistry of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) improve cellular interactions and mechanical stability in implants. Carbon dots, with their tunable fluorescence and high biocompatibility, are proving to be powerful agents for bioimaging, enabling more precise diagnostics.</div><div>This review consolidates recent advancements in the synthesis, functionalization, and biomedical integration of CNMs, emphasizing their role in next-generation applications. Notably, it addresses challenges related to scalable production and clinical safety, offering insights into overcoming these obstacles. The findings underline the transformative potential of CNMs in revolutionizing therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, paving the way for innovative solutions in healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2025.100144
Anjani Chavali , Giles Fitzwilliams , Adam Germain , Sandra Khuon , Young-tae Kim
Prostate cancer stands as the most diagnosed cancer in males and remains one of the leading causes of death among men in the United States. The progression of prostate cancer to a life-threatening state occurs upon metastasis, typically spreading to vital organs such as the liver, lungs, bones, and lymph nodes, where it sustains growth even in the absence of androgens. In this study, we employed a magnetic coculture device to investigate the interactions between androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC3) cells and healthy normal fibroblasts, aiming to discern their dynamics. Subsequently, the coculture was exposed to varying dosages of Fenbendazole to assess its efficacy differentially on healthy fibroblasts compared to androgen-independent prostate cells. Employing this straightforward coculture method, we observed significant growth, motility, and cluster formation of prostate cancer cells upon direct contact with surrounding fibroblasts. The impact of Fenbendazole was evident in its capacity to markedly diminish the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells relative to surrounding fibroblasts. Notably, our findings revealed that a dosage of 2.5 µM Fenbendazole significantly eradicated PC3 cells with minimal damage to surrounding fibroblasts, thus indicating its potential for prostate cancer treatment in-vivo models.
{"title":"Exploring therapeutic strategies for androgen-independent prostate cancer using a magnetic coculture platform","authors":"Anjani Chavali , Giles Fitzwilliams , Adam Germain , Sandra Khuon , Young-tae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate cancer stands as the most diagnosed cancer in males and remains one of the leading causes of death among men in the United States. The progression of prostate cancer to a life-threatening state occurs upon metastasis, typically spreading to vital organs such as the liver, lungs, bones, and lymph nodes, where it sustains growth even in the absence of androgens. In this study, we employed a magnetic coculture device to investigate the interactions between androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC3) cells and healthy normal fibroblasts, aiming to discern their dynamics. Subsequently, the coculture was exposed to varying dosages of Fenbendazole to assess its efficacy differentially on healthy fibroblasts compared to androgen-independent prostate cells. Employing this straightforward coculture method, we observed significant growth, motility, and cluster formation of prostate cancer cells upon direct contact with surrounding fibroblasts. The impact of Fenbendazole was evident in its capacity to markedly diminish the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells relative to surrounding fibroblasts. Notably, our findings revealed that a dosage of 2.5 µM Fenbendazole significantly eradicated PC3 cells with minimal damage to surrounding fibroblasts, thus indicating its potential for prostate cancer treatment in-vivo models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stem cell therapies hold immense promise for the treatment of a wide range of diseases; however, the full therapeutic potential remains untaped. This limitation arises primarily from our incomplete understanding of the complex mechanisms of stem cell niches. A promising avenue of research lies in the development of Extracellular Matrix (ECM)-based novel biomaterials, which closely mimic the natural microenvironment of stem cells. These biomaterials provide essential biophysical and biochemical cues necessary for mechanotransduction, thereby enhancing the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapies by precisely modulating stem cell fate. In this review, we discuss the critical role of the stem cell niche and its interplay with ECM, detailing its structural composition and functional significance. We further explore how the biophysical and biochemical factors of the ECM modulate specific transmembrane receptors, triggering intracellular signaling mechanisms that regulate cell morphology, cytoskeletal dynamics, viability, migration, and differentiation. Engineered biomaterials to replicate the properties of the ECM are discussed along with the incorporation of tailored biophysical and biochemical cues into scaffolds and biomaterials to modulate stem cell fate. Overall, this review underscores the innovative applications of ECM mimicking biomaterials in biomedical engineering, emphasizing their transformative potential to modulate stem cell fate and advance regenerative medicine.
{"title":"Biochemical and biophysical cues of the extracellular matrix modulates stem cell fate: Progress and prospect in extracellular matrix mimicking biomaterials","authors":"Anuska Mishra , Unnati Modi , Rahul Sharma , Dhiraj Bhatia , Raghu Solanki","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stem cell therapies hold immense promise for the treatment of a wide range of diseases; however, the full therapeutic potential remains untaped. This limitation arises primarily from our incomplete understanding of the complex mechanisms of stem cell niches. A promising avenue of research lies in the development of Extracellular Matrix (ECM)-based novel biomaterials, which closely mimic the natural microenvironment of stem cells. These biomaterials provide essential biophysical and biochemical cues necessary for mechanotransduction, thereby enhancing the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapies by precisely modulating stem cell fate. In this review, we discuss the critical role of the stem cell niche and its interplay with ECM, detailing its structural composition and functional significance. We further explore how the biophysical and biochemical factors of the ECM modulate specific transmembrane receptors, triggering intracellular signaling mechanisms that regulate cell morphology, cytoskeletal dynamics, viability, migration, and differentiation. Engineered biomaterials to replicate the properties of the ECM are discussed along with the incorporation of tailored biophysical and biochemical cues into scaffolds and biomaterials to modulate stem cell fate. Overall, this review underscores the innovative applications of ECM mimicking biomaterials in biomedical engineering, emphasizing their transformative potential to modulate stem cell fate and advance regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gingival recession is a prevalent issue present in most of the Indian population, associated with interproximal tissue deficiency, leading to dental problems. Its treatment has remained a major problem in the field of periodontics due to autologous graft morbidity and limited healing associated with the current artificial grafts. The present study aims to is to develop bio-engineered chitosan-gelatin scaffolds seeded with primary gingival fibroblasts to address gingival recession as noninvasive grafts. Gingival fibroblasts were seeded on scaffolds with varying chitosan-gelatin ratios (1:1, 1:3) (v/v) and a chitosan control. Comprehensive characterization included morphological, mechanical, biochemical, and cellular analyses including cell viability, migration and transcriptomic studies. The chitosan-gelatin scaffolds (1:3) demonstrated a highly porous architecture with satisfactory biodegradation and swelling capacity. Furthermore, in vitro studies show significantly higher cellular compatibility, fibroblast migration, and F-actin expression. The upregulation of FGF-2 gene in this scaffold indicates its potential for promoting fibroblastic growth and improved wound healing potential. In addition, the antibacterial impact reflect its clinical potential of the fibroblast-seeded chitosan-gelatin (1:3) scaffold for potential tissue engineering applications in periodontal regeneration.
{"title":"Gingival fibroblast seeded bioengineered scaffolds for treatment of localized gingival recession","authors":"Rajul Chordia , Aritri Ghosh , Shalini Dasgupta , Sayandeep Saha , Tirthankar Debnath , Ashit Kumar Pal , Ananya Barui","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gingival recession is a prevalent issue present in most of the Indian population, associated with interproximal tissue deficiency, leading to dental problems. Its treatment has remained a major problem in the field of periodontics due to autologous graft morbidity and limited healing associated with the current artificial grafts. The present study aims to is to develop bio-engineered chitosan-gelatin scaffolds seeded with primary gingival fibroblasts to address gingival recession as noninvasive grafts. Gingival fibroblasts were seeded on scaffolds with varying chitosan-gelatin ratios (1:1, 1:3) (v/v) and a chitosan control. Comprehensive characterization included morphological, mechanical, biochemical, and cellular analyses including cell viability, migration and transcriptomic studies. The chitosan-gelatin scaffolds (1:3) demonstrated a highly porous architecture with satisfactory biodegradation and swelling capacity. Furthermore, in vitro studies show significantly higher cellular compatibility, fibroblast migration, and F-actin expression. The upregulation of FGF-2 gene in this scaffold indicates its potential for promoting fibroblastic growth and improved wound healing potential. In addition, the antibacterial impact reflect its clinical potential of the fibroblast-seeded chitosan-gelatin (1:3) scaffold for potential tissue engineering applications in periodontal regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here, a chitosan-based shear-thinning and conductive nano-hybrid hydrogel is developed based on self-assembled host-guest (HG) supramolecular interaction between beta-cyclodextrin modified chitosan (Host, Cs-CD) and adamantane grafted polyethylene glycol (Guest, PEG-AD) and secondary cross-linking with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The concentration of HG macromers handled the rheological and mechanical behavior of the forming hydrogel, the ratio of the guest macromer, and the amount of rGO. Dual cross-linking hydrogel (macromers concentration=10 wt%) H:G = 1:2 (CPH 102G3) had the highest mechanical strength and toughness (about 3-folds) compared to the (10 wt%) 1:2 hydrogel (CPH 102). Also, (15 %wt) 1:2 Hydrogel (CPH 152) had mechanical strength and toughness of about 6-folds compared to (10 wt%) 1:4 hydrogel (CPH 104). The electro-conductivity of Cs-PEG/rGO nano-hybrid hydrogel was between 3.5 to 6.55 mS.cm-1 and within the myocardial tissue conductivity range. The swelling ratio and degradation rate of hydrogels were also investigated. CPH 102G3 displayed lower than 45 % weight loss after 15 days of immersion in a phosphate buffer saline solution. Finally, all hydrogel samples demonstrated non-cytotoxicity 24 h post-seeding. After 120 h, cell proliferation was observed. In conclusion, Cs-PEG/rGO hydrogel promises to emerge as an injectable scaffold with controllable properties for electroactive tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Shear-thinning conductive chitosan-based nano-hybrid hydrogels by host–guest supramolecular assembled poly ethylene glycol and reduced graphene oxide dual cross-linkers","authors":"Javad Saberi , Fathallah Karimzadeh , Jaleh Varshosaz , Sheyda Labbaf","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, a chitosan-based shear-thinning and conductive nano-hybrid hydrogel is developed based on self-assembled host-guest (HG) supramolecular interaction between beta-cyclodextrin modified chitosan (Host, Cs-CD) and adamantane grafted polyethylene glycol (Guest, PEG-AD) and secondary cross-linking with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The concentration of HG macromers handled the rheological and mechanical behavior of the forming hydrogel, the ratio of the guest macromer, and the amount of rGO. Dual cross-linking hydrogel (macromers concentration=10 wt%) H:<em>G</em> = 1:2 (CPH 102G3) had the highest mechanical strength and toughness (about 3-folds) compared to the (10 wt%) 1:2 hydrogel (CPH 102). Also, (15 %wt) 1:2 Hydrogel (CPH 152) had mechanical strength and toughness of about 6-folds compared to (10 wt%) 1:4 hydrogel (CPH 104). The electro-conductivity of Cs-PEG/rGO nano-hybrid hydrogel was between 3.5 to 6.55 mS.cm-1 and within the myocardial tissue conductivity range. The swelling ratio and degradation rate of hydrogels were also investigated. CPH 102G3 displayed lower than 45 % weight loss after 15 days of immersion in a phosphate buffer saline solution. Finally, all hydrogel samples demonstrated non-cytotoxicity 24 h post-seeding. After 120 h, cell proliferation was observed. In conclusion, Cs-PEG/rGO hydrogel promises to emerge as an injectable scaffold with controllable properties for electroactive tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2024.100139
Rafael F.M. dos Santos , Pedro A.B. Kuroda , Gerson S. de Almeida , Willian F. Zambuzzi , Carlos R. Grandini , Conrado R.M. Afonso
β titanium alloys are essential in biomedical applications due to their combination of high strength, low elastic modulus, and biocompatibility. Although high-entropy alloys (BioHEAs) containing Nb, Zr, Ta, and Mo offer high mechanical strength, their elevated elastic modulus can lead to stress shielding in orthopedic applications. To address these limitations, β-stable alloys with enhanced mechanical and surface properties are being developed to support osseointegration and cellular adhesion. The work focuses on innovative medium (MEA) and high entropy (HEA) equimassic β Ti alloys (quaternary Ti-25Ta-25Nb-25Zr and quinary Ti-20Zr-20Ta-20Nb-20Mo in wt.%) treated with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) to optimize their performance as biomaterials. The MAO process generated bioactive coatings enriched with Ca, P, and Mg, promoting bone cell proliferation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified β phase structures and revealed amorphous or partially crystalline coatings, with a ZrO₂ cubic phase noted in the MEA quaternary Ti-25Ta-25Nb-25Zr alloy. Surface morphology assessments showed porous and lamellar topographies that varied with alloy composition, resulting in increased hydrophilicity and optimal roughness. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the MAO coating thickness on MEA quaternary Ti-25Ta-25Nb-25Zr (10.4 μm) surpassed that on HEA (high entropy alloy) quinary Ti-20Zr-20Ta-20Nb-20Mo (4.2 μm). Cell viability and adhesion assays indicated significant biocompatibility, particularly for MEA (medium entropy alloy) quaternary Ti-25Ta-25Nb-25Zr, which benefits from a Mo-free composition. These results underscore the potential of these multiprincipal equimassic bcc (body centered cubic) β alloys for biomedical applications, possibly enhancing osteoblast attachment and sustain cell viability effectively.
{"title":"New MAO coatings on multiprincipal equimassic β TiNbTaZr and TiNbTaZrMo alloys","authors":"Rafael F.M. dos Santos , Pedro A.B. Kuroda , Gerson S. de Almeida , Willian F. Zambuzzi , Carlos R. Grandini , Conrado R.M. Afonso","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>β titanium alloys are essential in biomedical applications due to their combination of high strength, low elastic modulus, and biocompatibility. Although high-entropy alloys (BioHEAs) containing Nb, Zr, Ta, and Mo offer high mechanical strength, their elevated elastic modulus can lead to stress shielding in orthopedic applications. To address these limitations, β-stable alloys with enhanced mechanical and surface properties are being developed to support osseointegration and cellular adhesion. The work focuses on innovative medium (MEA) and high entropy (HEA) equimassic β Ti alloys (quaternary Ti-25Ta-25Nb-25Zr and quinary Ti-20Zr-20Ta-20Nb-20Mo in wt.%) treated with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) to optimize their performance as biomaterials. The MAO process generated bioactive coatings enriched with Ca, P, and Mg, promoting bone cell proliferation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified β phase structures and revealed amorphous or partially crystalline coatings, with a ZrO₂ cubic phase noted in the MEA quaternary Ti-25Ta-25Nb-25Zr alloy. Surface morphology assessments showed porous and lamellar topographies that varied with alloy composition, resulting in increased hydrophilicity and optimal roughness. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the MAO coating thickness on MEA quaternary Ti-25Ta-25Nb-25Zr (10.4 μm) surpassed that on HEA (high entropy alloy) quinary Ti-20Zr-20Ta-20Nb-20Mo (4.2 μm). Cell viability and adhesion assays indicated significant biocompatibility, particularly for MEA (medium entropy alloy) quaternary Ti-25Ta-25Nb-25Zr, which benefits from a Mo-free composition. These results underscore the potential of these multiprincipal equimassic bcc (body centered cubic) β alloys for biomedical applications, possibly enhancing osteoblast attachment and sustain cell viability effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glaucoma is a neurogenerative, irreversible disorder caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye, which can lead to vision loss. Currently, reducing IOP by providing an alternate pathway to aqueous humor is the only proven method for preventing glaucoma. It was found in the literature that traditional Glaucoma Drainage Devices (GDD) have proven effective in safety and reducing intraocular pressure. In recent years, a category of Micro Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) has emerged, offering smaller and less invasive surgical procedures compared to conventional GDD. This comprehensive literature review focuses on the fluid mechanics of these implants, their structural parameters, and associated clinical studies. The goal is to assist researchers, scientists, and manufacturers in improving the design of glaucoma implants to achieve long-term success.
{"title":"Comprehensive study of traditional glaucoma drainage devices and emerging Micro Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) devices: A review","authors":"Anshika Garg , Gurpreet Singh , Shubham Gupta , Vivek Gupta , Arnab Chanda","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glaucoma is a neurogenerative, irreversible disorder caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye, which can lead to vision loss. Currently, reducing IOP by providing an alternate pathway to aqueous humor is the only proven method for preventing glaucoma. It was found in the literature that traditional Glaucoma Drainage Devices (GDD) have proven effective in safety and reducing intraocular pressure. In recent years, a category of Micro Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) has emerged, offering smaller and less invasive surgical procedures compared to conventional GDD. This comprehensive literature review focuses on the fluid mechanics of these implants, their structural parameters, and associated clinical studies. The goal is to assist researchers, scientists, and manufacturers in improving the design of glaucoma implants to achieve long-term success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2024.100138
M.N. Nguyen
Lung cancer remains the most lethal cancer, primarily due to late diagnoses. Thus, early detection of lung cancer is critical to improving patient outcomes. While conventional methods like Chest X-rays (CXRs) and computed tomography (CT) scans are widely used, their effectiveness can be limited by subjective interpretation and variability in the detection of subtle lesions. Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have shown the potential to enhance the accuracy and reliability of lung cancer diagnosis through medical image analysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current DL approaches applied to CXRs and CT scans for lung cancer detection. Various DL techniques and their ability are explored to address challenges such as data scarcity, imbalanced datasets, and overfitting. The current state of research, including the most utilized datasets and popular DL training methods, is also examined. Future directions for integrating DL into clinical practice are discussed. The findings are based on a review of peer-reviewed literature published between January 2023 and July 2024, aiming to offer insights into the evolving landscape of DL in lung cancer detection and to outline potential pathways for future research and clinical implementation.
{"title":"A scoping review of deep learning approaches for lung cancer detection using chest radiographs and computed tomography scans","authors":"M.N. Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer remains the most lethal cancer, primarily due to late diagnoses. Thus, early detection of lung cancer is critical to improving patient outcomes. While conventional methods like Chest X-rays (CXRs) and computed tomography (CT) scans are widely used, their effectiveness can be limited by subjective interpretation and variability in the detection of subtle lesions. Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have shown the potential to enhance the accuracy and reliability of lung cancer diagnosis through medical image analysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current DL approaches applied to CXRs and CT scans for lung cancer detection. Various DL techniques and their ability are explored to address challenges such as data scarcity, imbalanced datasets, and overfitting. The current state of research, including the most utilized datasets and popular DL training methods, is also examined. Future directions for integrating DL into clinical practice are discussed. The findings are based on a review of peer-reviewed literature published between January 2023 and July 2024, aiming to offer insights into the evolving landscape of DL in lung cancer detection and to outline potential pathways for future research and clinical implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2024.100136
Kingsley Posiyano , R.V.S. Prasad , Thywill Cephas Dzogbewu , Eyitayo O. Olakanmi , Tshenolo P. Leso , Keagisitswe Setswalo , Amantle T. Sello
The hip prosthesis, used to repair or recreate the diseased or damaged hip joint's articulation functionality, greatly influences the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Currently, the limited lifespan (10–15 years) of hip prostheses presents a serious challenge stemming from poor materials selection, design, as well as manufacturing techniques and this has been amplified further by the rising human life expectancy. Today's hip prostheses are predominantly made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which frequently fail owing to wear, modulus mismatch, corrosion, and poor osseointegration. To prolong hip implants’ useful life within the body system, it is crucial to comprehend human hip anatomy and biomechanics, investigate the modes and mechanisms of prosthesis failure, and identify mitigation measures pertaining to materials selection, prosthesis design, and production processes. From this point of view, this article firstly explores the intricate hip joint's structural anatomy in the context of biomechanics principles that influence joint movement and weight bearing. Then, hip implant failure modes and mechanisms are discussed and lastly, the failure mitigation measures are proposed. From this review, Ti-6Al-7Nb known for its excellent corrosion resistance and superior biocompatibility is considered a promising substitute for the mostly used cytotoxic Ti-6Al-4V, functionally graded porosity design mimicking the human bone to enhance mechanical and biomedical properties, more precisely osseointegration and stress shielding, and utilization of the selective laser melting technique capable of fabricating Ti-6Al-7Nb components with intricate shapes and high geometrical accuracy can play a significant role in preventing current hip implant failures.
{"title":"The potential of Ti-6Al-7Nb, and design for manufacturing considerations in mitigating failure of hip implants in service","authors":"Kingsley Posiyano , R.V.S. Prasad , Thywill Cephas Dzogbewu , Eyitayo O. Olakanmi , Tshenolo P. Leso , Keagisitswe Setswalo , Amantle T. Sello","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2024.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hip prosthesis, used to repair or recreate the diseased or damaged hip joint's articulation functionality, greatly influences the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Currently, the limited lifespan (10–15 years) of hip prostheses presents a serious challenge stemming from poor materials selection, design, as well as manufacturing techniques and this has been amplified further by the rising human life expectancy. Today's hip prostheses are predominantly made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which frequently fail owing to wear, modulus mismatch, corrosion, and poor osseointegration. To prolong hip implants’ useful life within the body system, it is crucial to comprehend human hip anatomy and biomechanics, investigate the modes and mechanisms of prosthesis failure, and identify mitigation measures pertaining to materials selection, prosthesis design, and production processes. From this point of view, this article firstly explores the intricate hip joint's structural anatomy in the context of biomechanics principles that influence joint movement and weight bearing. Then, hip implant failure modes and mechanisms are discussed and lastly, the failure mitigation measures are proposed. From this review, Ti-6Al-7Nb known for its excellent corrosion resistance and superior biocompatibility is considered a promising substitute for the mostly used cytotoxic Ti-6Al-4V, functionally graded porosity design mimicking the human bone to enhance mechanical and biomedical properties, more precisely osseointegration and stress shielding, and utilization of the selective laser melting technique capable of fabricating Ti-6Al-7Nb components with intricate shapes and high geometrical accuracy can play a significant role in preventing current hip implant failures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2024.100137
Auden P. Balouch , Alexandra Z. Francis , Varsha V. Rao , Samantha J. Wojda , Kristi S. Anseth , Seth W. Donahue
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cellular therapies aimed at promoting bone regeneration due to their secretory properties and osteoblastic differentiation capacity. However, typically < 5% of delivered MSCs are retained at the healing site within days of delivery via injection. In this work, granular PEG hydrogel scaffolds were used to deliver MSCs, labeled with fluorescent Quantum Dots, into critical-sized rat calvarial bone defects. The presence, survival, and distribution of MSCs within the hydrogel scaffold were evaluated with multiphoton microscopy at 3- and 7-days post-implantation. Additionally, endogenous cell infiltration into scaffolds was quantified, and markers for M1 and M2 macrophages were identified with immunohistochemistry. This multiphoton microscopy technique provides a quantitative analysis of exogenous MSC presence and survival and allows for micron-level spatial resolution of cell distribution throughout the implanted scaffolds. When ∼750,000 MSCs were implanted in a calvarial bone defect via PEG granular hydrogel scaffolds, ∼27% and ∼8% survived 3- and 7-days post-implantation, respectively. At 3- and 7-days post-implantation, exogenous MSCs and infiltrating endogenous cells, including M1 and M2 macrophages, were well distributed throughout the scaffolds. This multiphoton microscopy technique could be used to assess biomaterial delivery systems that can improve exogenous MSC presence and survival, facilitate endogenous cell infiltration, and investigate exogenous-endogenous cell interactions for bone regeneration therapies.
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