Advancement in power-to-methanol integration with steel industry waste gas utilization through solid oxide electrolyzer cells: Surrogate model-based approach for optimization

This study introduces an innovative approach using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) to co-electrolyze CO₂ and H₂O from steel industry emissions, converting them into syngas for methanol synthesis. To optimize this process, a surrogate model-based deep neural network (DNN) is employed. The process simulation result shows strong agreement between the model and experimental data, validated by polarization curves and product comparisons, with low RMSE values indicating its validity for generating data in subsequent processes. The DNN surrogate model accurately predicted key performance metrics, with high R² values for methanol production and power consumption, demonstrating its capability as a surrogate model for process simulation and use for further optimization. Optimization revealed that the ideal conditions for methanol synthesis occur at high temperatures, with low current density and steam flow. Additionally, the surrogate-based optimization method reduced computational time by a factor of 20. The use of SOEC dramatically enhanced methanol production, achieving nearly 10 times the productivity of systems without SOEC integration. This improvement also led to a substantial reduction in CO₂ emissions intensity, with the plant predicted to produce near-zero carbon emissions due to increased production efficiency and CO₂ utilization.