Advancements in maximum power point tracking for solar charge controllers

Solar power has gained popularity as an alternative to tackling global energy and environmental issues. However, concerns about the unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources, irregular behavior, and partial shading of solar panels hinder photovoltaic (PV) system stability and efficiency. Utilization of a solar charge controller (SCC) with pulse width modulation (PWM) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) functionality is imperative to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of PV systems. Fluctuating external conditions make MPPT challenging, particularly under non-ideal operating conditions such as partial shading or temperature variations. Advanced MPPT control methods have been proposed to address these challenges, outperforming conventional algorithms. This study provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the control strategies employed in PWM and MPPT for PV systems. Each MPPT technique has pros and cons, but a streamlined approach considers cost, accuracy, complexity, speed, analog/digital, and efficiency. The intent is to contribute to the widespread adoption of the MPPT technology and address the challenges associated with PV system implementation. Through diligent research efforts, MPPT systems improved efficiency in managing renewable power generation intricacies. Utilizing advancements in SCC with PWM and MPPT enhances energy harvest, increases system reliability, prolongs battery life, and improves solar energy system performance. The fundamental discoveries are condensed in advancing progressively resilient controllers for enhanced efficiency, reliability, stability, protection, and nations. This work aids the transition to clean energy systems and provides a foundation for selecting the most effective MPPT controller for future research direction toward sustainable development.