Mycotoxin detection in corn and distillers dried grains for food security

The ethanol industries in the United States and China are witnessing a surge in the production of co-products, especially dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS). In the U.S., 90 % of maize-based ethanol byproducts are used for livestock feed, with 38.7 % of 14,575 million bushels repurposed in 2020. The U.S. also contributed 36 % of global maize shipments that year. China achieved a 98.2 % self-sufficiency rate in maize, producing 260.8 million metric tons and importing only 4.8 million metric tons in 2019. However, higher mycotoxin levels in DDGS, up to three times those in raw grain, cost the swine industry $9 million annually due to reduced weight gain from fumonisins. This review examines corn, DDGS, and ethanol production, spotlighting China and the USA. It addresses mycotoxin contamination in DDGS and corn, detailing its adverse effects on animal health. It also explores current challenges in DDGS mycotoxin contamination, focusing on processing, nutrition, and product quality. The propose future research directions to prevent mycotoxin contamination, ensuring a safer and more efficient industry. The increasing demand for animal products, climate change, and food safety issues highlight the need for improved food supply and diverse feed materials. Mycotoxin contamination poses significant health risks in feed. Modernizing detection methods for rapid, accurate results is essential to reduce economic losses. A comprehensive detoxification approach, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, is crucial. Ongoing research and strategic measures are vital to combat mycotoxin contamination, ensuring safe and efficient animal husbandry practices.