Carbon dioxide utilization: CO2-based polyurethane foam

CO₂, a promising C1 resource, can be permanently fixed in polymers, making it abundant and non-toxic. The development of CO₂-based polymers, such as rubbers and plastics, for mainstream industrial applications, could significantly reduce CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere and decrease the reliance on fossil resources. Notably, polyether carbonate polyols (PECP) and polycarbonate polyols (PCP) are key CO₂-based polyols that can be produced by the reaction of CO₂ with epoxides in the presence of a catalyst. These polyols are instrumental in creating carbon-neutral polyurethane foam (PUF). This innovative synthesis method offers numerous advantages over the conventional polycondensation of diisocyanate and polyols method. The use of CO₂-based polyols for PUF production is a prime example of CO₂ utilization with substantial industrial potential. This review delves into recent advancements in preparing PUF using both isocyanate and non-isocyanate methods with CO₂-based polyols, and cyclic carbonates, respectively. PUF, a vital member of the polymer family, boasts a wide range of applications, presenting a significant opportunity to integrate CO₂ into existing processes and products, thereby contributing to environmental sustainability.