Comparative Evaluation of Osseodensification vs Conventional Osteotomy Technique on Primary and Secondary Implant Stability in Rabbit Model Split Body RCT.

Aim and objective: To measure and contrast primary stability metrics, such as insertion torque values and implant stability quotient (IQS) at the time of implant placement, and secondary stability metrics, such as ISQ three months post-implant insertion, between implants inserted in osteotomy sites prepared with conventional drills and osseodensification drills (OD) in the femoral condyles of female New Zealand white rabbits, which are characterized by low-density D4 type bone.

Materials and methods: Eight female New Zealand white strain rabbits, each 14 weeks old and weighing approximately 2.5 ± 0.3 kg, were utilized for this study. Using aseptic techniques and local anesthesia, a 3.1 × 8 mm implant was inserted into the rabbit's left femoral condyle using conventional drills (group I) from the Zimmer surgical kit. Similarly, using Densah drills (group II), a 3.1 mm × 8 mm implant was inserted into the rabbit's right femoral condyle. Primary implant stability was evaluated using insertional torque and ISQ values during insertion of implants using a torque wrench and radiofrequency analyzer, respectively. Secondary implant stability was evaluated by measuring ISQ values three months after implant placement.

Results: Group I had a mean insertional torque of 31.13 ± 1.727 Ncm, while group II had 33.00 ± 1.309 Ncm. ISQ during insertion was 63.63 ± 5.927 in group I and 63.62 ± 7.615 in group II. After three months, ISQ was 67.25 ± 6.45 in group II and 75 ± 6.85 in group II. Significant differences were found in insertional torque (p = 0.028), ISQ after three months (p = 0.0353), and ISQ changes over time (p = 0.001), but not in ISQ at the time of implant placement.

Conclusion: The investigation demonstrated that implants placed using the OD exhibited superior initial stability and subsequent stability progression compared to those placed using conventional drilling techniques in a rabbit model.

Clinical significance: Primary and secondary implant stability are critical factors for successful implant treatment in clinical practice. Osseodensification demonstrates a higher insertional torque and implant stability quotient by enhancing bone density and volume surrounding implants. This enhanced stability can lead to improved osseointegration and reduced healing times, ultimately benefiting patients with compromised bone quality. How to cite this article: Arpudaswamy S, Ali SSA, Karthigeyan S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Osseodensification vs Conventional Osteotomy Technique on Primary and Secondary Implant Stability in Rabbit Model Split Body RCT. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1052-1059.