Yaling Fang, Xin Wen, Hui You, Yueye Huang, Shen Qu, Xingchun Wang, Le Bu
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Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (<i>r</i> = -0.093, <i>p</i> = 0.016; <i>r</i> = -0.082, <i>p</i> = 0.036; <i>r</i> = -0.099, <i>p</i> = 0.011; <i>r</i> = -0.125, <i>p</i> = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (<i>r</i> = 0.248, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.086, <i>p</i> = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (<i>r</i> = -0.103, <i>p</i> = 0.011; <i>r</i> = -0.080, <i>p</i> = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (<i>r</i> = 0.227, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.089, <i>p</i> = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (<i>r</i> = 0.091, <i>p</i> = 0.033; <i>r</i> = -0.081, <i>p</i> = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (<i>β</i> = 4.144, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (<i>β</i> = -0.167, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and TSH (<i>β</i> = -0.412, <i>p</i> = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, <i>p</i> = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, <i>p</i> = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. T2DM patients with SCH exhibited reduced VD levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1509465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794124/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study.\",\"authors\":\"Yaling Fang, Xin Wen, Hui You, Yueye Huang, Shen Qu, Xingchun Wang, Le Bu\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fnut.2025.1509465\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 118 subjects were classified as obese, while 613 were classified as non-obese. Thyroid and 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured. Patients were categorized into lower and higher VD groups based on the median. Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (<i>r</i> = -0.093, <i>p</i> = 0.016; <i>r</i> = -0.082, <i>p</i> = 0.036; <i>r</i> = -0.099, <i>p</i> = 0.011; <i>r</i> = -0.125, <i>p</i> = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (<i>r</i> = 0.248, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.086, <i>p</i> = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (<i>r</i> = -0.103, <i>p</i> = 0.011; <i>r</i> = -0.080, <i>p</i> = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (<i>r</i> = 0.227, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.089, <i>p</i> = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (<i>r</i> = 0.091, <i>p</i> = 0.033; <i>r</i> = -0.081, <i>p</i> = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (<i>β</i> = 4.144, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (<i>β</i> = -0.167, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and TSH (<i>β</i> = -0.412, <i>p</i> = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, <i>p</i> = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, <i>p</i> = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：维生素D对调节钙和磷的代谢至关重要。更多的研究揭示了它在慢性疾病中的作用。本研究旨在探讨甲状腺功能与2型糖尿病（T2DM）的关系。方法：对730例T2DM患者进行横断面研究。其中肥胖118人，非肥胖613人。测定甲状腺和25(OH)D水平。根据中位数将患者分为低VD组和高VD组。比较两组患者甲状腺功能并分析其相关性。结果:身体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(总胆固醇)、甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)显著降低高VD组相比低VD组(所有p = 0.008页)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)(2.88 ± 7.03和2.06±1.72 ng / mL, p = 0.046)水平降低VD组相比显著降低。VD与BMI、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、FFA呈显著负相关(r = -0.093,p = 0.016；r = -0.082,p = 0.036;r = -0.099,p = 0.011;r = -0.125,p = 0.001)。发生与VD FT4显示显著的正相关性(r = 0.248,p r = 0.086,p = 0.025),而TT4和TSH方面表现出显著的负相关性(r = -0.103,p = 0.011;r = -0.080,p = 0.033)。调整后的身高、BMI,血红蛋白,总胆固醇,TG、FFA,和低密度脂蛋白,发生和FT4仍然明显与VD呈正相关(r = 0.227,p r = 0.089,p = 0.030),而TT4和TSH继续表现出明显的负关联(r = 0.091,p = 0.033;r = -0.081,p = 0.049)。线性回归分析显示是成正比的VD和发生(β = 4.144,p β = -0.167,p β = -0.412,p = 0.020)。Logistic回归分析显示VD是预防亚临床甲状腺功能减退（SCH）的保护因素（OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, p = 0.035），即使在调整BMI、FBG、FINS、TCH和HDL （OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, p = 0.041）后也是如此。合并SCH的T2DM患者25(OH)D水平低于未合并SCH的T2DM患者（46.45 ± 4.76 vs 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, p = 0.029）。结论：VD与甲状腺功能之间存在双重关系。伴有SCH的T2DM患者VD水平降低。
Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study.
Background: Vitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: 730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 118 subjects were classified as obese, while 613 were classified as non-obese. Thyroid and 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured. Patients were categorized into lower and higher VD groups based on the median. Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.
Results: Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all p < 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, p < 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, p = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (r = -0.093, p = 0.016; r = -0.082, p = 0.036; r = -0.099, p = 0.011; r = -0.125, p = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (r = 0.248, p < 0.001; r = 0.086, p = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (r = -0.103, p = 0.011; r = -0.080, p = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (r = 0.227, p < 0.001; r = 0.089, p = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (r = 0.091, p = 0.033; r = -0.081, p = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (β = 4.144, p < 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (β = -0.167, p < 0.001) and TSH (β = -0.412, p = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, p = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, p = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, p = 0.029).
Conclusion: These results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. T2DM patients with SCH exhibited reduced VD levels.
期刊介绍：
No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health.
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