Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Background: The prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) is increasing in the elderly population and there is growing evidence that malnutrition affects the urinary system. Despite this, research on the relationship between nutritional factors and OAB remains limited.

Methods: We included 17,161 elderly individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2005 and 2018. Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores (OABSS) were utilized to assess symptoms of OAB. A multifactorial logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the independent association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the prevalence of OAB. Restricted cubic spline plots examined the potential non-linear relationship between GNRI and OAB. Influencing factors were assessed through subgroup analyses, while the predictive utility of GNRI was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The influence of inflammatory response and cognitive function on the interaction between GNRI and OAB was also examined by mediation analysis.

Results: GNRI in the OAB group was significantly lower than that in the non-OAB group. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that GNRI significantly predicts OAB (p < 0.05). The Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) curve indicated a non-linear negative correlation between GNRI and the risk of OAB in the elderly (non-linear p = 0.0029). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, GNRI outperforms serum albumin or body mass index (BMI) alone in predicting OAB risk. The study revealed that inflammatory response mediates the relationship between GNRI and OAB, while cognitive function has a relatively weaker influence on the strength of the association between GNRI and OAB.

Conclusion: GNRI serves as a reliable predictive marker for OAB in the elderly population, demonstrating a nonlinear inverse correlation with OAB prevalence. Furthermore, this study elucidates the underlying inflammatory mechanisms that link GNRI to the development of OAB.

Objectives: To investigate whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) aggravates the detrimental effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on cognitive performance in the elderly.

Methods: Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2014, 1,446 non-smoking participants (≥ 60 years old) with detailed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], concentration of cotinine and tests score of cognitive function were included. Cognitive impairment was defined as having a cognitive score in the lowest quartile. The possible synergistic effect of SHS with VDD on cognitive impairment was evaluated by using a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results: VDD was independently associated with risk of low the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scores, increased by nearly 60% [< 34, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03 ~ 2.53]. Although it only had an association with cognitive impairment indicated by DSST and the Animal Fluency test (AFT) in the crude model, SHS exposure showed significant synergistic effects with VDD on DSST (aOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.57 ~ 5.83, P_interaction = 0.001) and AFT (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.34 ~ 4.29, P_interaction = 0.003), respectively, after adjusting for the possible confounders. In further stratified analysis, a more obvious synergistic effect of SHS with VDD on DSST (aOR: 4.73, 95%CI:1.77 ~ 12.68, P_interaction = 0.002) and AFT (aOR: 5.30, 95%CI: 1.63 ~ 17.24, P_interaction = 0.006) was found in obese and overweight subjects, respectively.

Conclusion: SHS exposure had synergistic effect with VDD on cognitive impairment among elderly and the interaction effect was more obvious in overweight and obese individuals.

Introduction: In 2022, the Colombian government approved a law requiring by 2024 the use of Front of Package octagonal warning labels in food products with an excess of nutrients of concern for chronic disease, including sodium, sugar, saturated fat, and trans-fat, as well as non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS). In addition, the government began 2023 by applying a 10% tax on sugar-sweetened beverages and foods that also had warning labels for sodium, sugar and saturated fat. This tax increased to 15% in 2024 and to $20% in 2025. While a previous study examined the changes in the nutritional composition of beverage and food products offered in Colombia between 2016 and 2018, it is necessary to update this information to understand whether the industry anticipated labeling and tax regulations by reformulating products.

Methods: This study carried out a comparison of the content of selected nutrients of concern and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) from the nutritional panels of 164 matched pairs of packaged foods and beverages from the top selling brands in Colombia in 2021 compared to 2016. McNemar's test for paired data was used to evaluate changes in the proportion of each of the critical nutrients and NNS to be regulated.

Results: There were no significant changes in sodium, saturated fat, trans fat, or free sugar in foods or beverages prior to policy implementation. However, there was a significant increase in the presence of NNS in beverages, during this pre-policy period from 32 to 59%.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that changes in nutrient composition of packaged foods and beverages had been marginal before the implementation of the tax and warning labeling laws.

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a ubiquitous sexually transmitted infection globally, frequently associated with sexual behaviors characterized by increased frequency and multiple partnerships. The relationship between varying levels of dietary iron intake and the occurrence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains an unresolved question in the scientific community. The objective of our study was to investigate the potential relationship between the consumption of dietary iron and HPV infection.

Methods: Our investigation drew upon comprehensive datasets from 7,819 participants enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2016. Employing a cross-sectional analytical framework, we delved into the potential correlation between dietary iron consumption and Human Papillomavirus infection. To statistically assess this relationship, we utilized weighted multivariate logistic regression models. Additionally, we implemented smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis, to delineate the complex, nonlinear association between iron intake and HPV infection. Furthermore, we conducted subgroup analyses.

Results: After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, our results demonstrated a statistically significant inverse association between iron intake and HPV infection (OR = 0.988, 95% CI: 0.979-0.998, p = 0.018). It's worth noting that, in comparison to individuals in the quartile with the lowest iron intake, those in the highest quartile exhibited a 23.2% reduction in the odds of HPV infection for each incremental unit of iron intake (OR = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.634 to 0.930, p = 0.009). A refined analysis employing smoothing curve fitting techniques unveiled an L-shaped correlation, delineating a specific relationship between dietary iron intake and the incidence rate of Human Papillomavirus infection. When iron intake was <16.99 mg, a higher incidence of HPV infection was associated with lower levels of iron intake. (OR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.956-0.980, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The presence of an L-shaped association between iron intake and HPV infection underscores and emphasizes the possible beneficial effect of sufficient iron intake in reducing the likelihood of HPV infection.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder characterized by irregularities in gonadotropin secretion, hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. In addition, it is often associated with metabolic dysfunctions, most notably insulin resistance (IR). This disorder affects approximately 6-20% of individuals, primarily emerging during early adolescence, and considerably increases the risk of conditions such as impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, endometrial cancer, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and postpartum complications. To date, there is no standardized protocol for treating PCOS. Existing therapies primarily rely on personalized pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications. However, these treatments may often lead to adverse effects, and most medications prescribed for PCOS are used off-label and have not secured approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for this condition. Recently, natural compounds have garnered considerable attention due to their efficacy in hormone modulation and minimal toxicity. Substances such as myo-inositol, resveratrol, berberine, and quercetin have shown promise in mitigating PCOS symptoms. Their multi-target properties offer the potential to achieve outcomes unattainable by single-target pharmaceuticals, particularly in managing heterogeneous conditions. This review aims to comprehensively analyze in vivo and in vitro research alongside clinical interventions to evaluate the influence of natural compounds on the prevalence of PCOS and their therapeutic potential. These investigations lay the groundwork for developing innovative therapeutic strategies for PCOS.

Background: Indonesia is experiencing food insecurity regarding soybean products. To address this challenge, sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis. L) has been identified as a potential raw material for making tempe due to the high levels of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).

Objective: This research aimed to determine the potential of sacha inchi bean tempe on proximate content, PUFA, and the effect of different cooking methods.

Method: Water and ash content were analyzed using the gravimetric method. Moreover, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and fatty acid were evaluated using the Kjeldahl, Soxhlet, difference, and Gas Chromatography (GC) method.

Results: There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in water content, ash content, protein, saturated fat, unsaturated, and PUFA in fermentation time. Fermentation increased protein (19.50-20.50%) while reducing water (30.26-28.51%) and PUFA (35.35-32.99%). Cooking methods significantly impacted fatty acids, with steaming retaining the highest PUFA (29.97%) and linolenic acid (14.63%), while frying increased saturated fat (11.24%).

Conclusion: Fermentation process in sacha inchi bean tempe could reduce the water content and saturated fat. This process also increased the ash, protein, and monounsaturated fat content, while the best cooking method was found to be steaming.

Background: The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) reflects dietary patterns that support gut microbial health and may influence kidney stone (KS) risk. The role of DI-GM and its mediation by diabetes in KS pathogenesis remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the association between DI-GM and KS prevalence, assess the mediation effect of diabetes, and explore subgroup-specific effects and underlying mechanisms.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES (2007-2018) data was conducted using a stratified, multistage probability sampling design. A total of 19,841 participants were included in the final analysis. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using Empower version 4.2 (X&Y Solutions, Inc., Boston, MA, United States) and R version 3.4.3 (R Foundation). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the association between DI-GM and KS prevalence, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Mediation analysis evaluated diabetes's contribution to this relationship, and subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex, race/ethnicity, and alcohol consumption.

Results: Higher DI-GM scores were associated with lower KS prevalence (adjusted OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65-0.92 per SD increase). Diabetes mediated 9.27% of this relationship. Subgroup analyses revealed stronger protective effects among females, non-Hispanic Black individuals, and heavy drinkers. Mechanistically, DI-GM may reduce KS risk through gut microbial modulation of oxalate metabolism, urinary citrate excretion, and systemic inflammation.

Conclusion and recommendations: Higher DI-GM scores are associated with reduced KS prevalence, partially mediated by diabetes. These findings highlight the role of dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota in KS prevention and call for longitudinal studies to confirm these results and develop tailored dietary strategies.