Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Background: Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), which is derived from measurements of waist circumference and triglyceride (TG) levels, serves as a comprehensive indicator of lipid accumulation. Emerging research indicates that lipid accumulation dysfunction might significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Nevertheless, the investigation into the association between LAP and COPD risk is still insufficient, particularly in population-based research. This research intends to examine the possible correlation between LAP and the likelihood of developing COPD.

Methods: This study, designed as a cross-sectional analysis, made use of data gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2017 to 2020, encompassing a total of 7,113 eligible participants. LAP, the exposure variable, was calculated using waist circumference and triglyceride concentration. COPD diagnosis was determined using participants' self-reported information. To explore the association between LAP and COPD, multivariate logistic regression models were applied, and smoothing curve fitting was employed to examine any potential nonlinear patterns. Further analysis included stratified subgroup evaluations to assess how variables such as sex, smoking habits, and alcohol intake might impact the relationship between LAP and COPD.

Results: The findings indicated a significant increase in COPD risk with each one-unit rise in ln LAP, as evidenced by an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.16 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04-1.30, p < 0.01]. Furthermore, a quartile-based analysis revealed that individuals in the highest ln LAP category had a considerably higher likelihood of developing COPD compared to those in the lowest category, with an OR of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.04-1.75, P for trend <0.01). Furthermore, the smoothing curve fitting identified a nonlinear and positive association between ln LAP and COPD, suggesting a steeper increase in risk as ln LAP values rise. Subgroup analysis suggested that this association remained fairly consistent across various demographic groups.

Conclusion: This study found a significant link between higher LAP levels and an elevated risk of COPD, with the association displaying a nonlinear pattern. As a marker of lipid accumulation abnormalities, LAP may serve as a valuable tool for assessing COPD risk and could inform strategies for early identification and targeted clinical management.

Diabetic cognitive dysfunction is one of the important comorbidities and complications of diabetes, which is mainly manifested by loss of learning ability and memory, behavioural disorders, and may even develop into dementia. While traditional anti-diabetic medications are effective in improving cognition and memory, long-term use of these medications can be accompanied by undesirable side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective alternative therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that phytogenic bioactive peptides play an important role in the regulation of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, we explored the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cognitive dysfunction, and the potential and underlying mechanisms of plant-derived bioactive peptides to improve diabetic cognitive dysfunction. We found that plant-derived active peptides alleviate diabetic cognitive impairment by inhibiting key enzymes (e.g., α-glucosidase, α-amylase) to improve blood glucose levels and increase antioxidant activity, modulate inflammatory mediators, and address intestinal dysbiosis. In conclusion, plant-derived active peptides show strong potential to improve diabetic cognitive impairment.

Background: Creatine has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. However, its impact on tumors remains uncertain.

Methods: This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 to investigate the relationship between dietary creatine intake and cancer in American adults. A total of 25,879 participants aged 20 years and older were included, and their medical information, dietary creatine intake, and covariates were collected. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between age, dietary creatine intake, and cancer risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis explored the nonlinear relationships between dietary creatine intake, age, and cancer prevalence.

Results: RCS analysis revealed a linear, negative association between dietary creatine intake and cancer risk. For each standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary creatine intake, cancer risk decreased by 5% (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, p = 0.025). This negative association was strongest among males (adjusted OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99, p = 0.021) and overweight participants (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99, p = 0.044). Interaction results indicated specific age group effects. Further analysis showed that higher dietary creatine intake was significantly inversely associated with cancer risk among older adults (adjusted OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97, p = 0.014). RCS analysis revealed a linear, positive correlation between age and cancer risk. For each SD increase in age, cancer risk increased by 3.27 times (adjusted OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 3.07-3.48, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that higher dietary creatine intake may reduce cancer risk in a nationally representative adult population. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationship between dietary creatine intake and cancer risk.

Objectives: Despite substantial evidence that visceral obesity is an epidemiological risk factor for hyperuricemia (HUA), studies on the connection between the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) and HUA remain insufficient. This research focused on METS-VF's potential role as a risk factor for HUA.

Methods: Notably, 8,659 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were enrolled in this study. Propensity score matching (PSM), multivariate logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, interaction test, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were implemented to identify the correlation between METS-VF and HUA.

Results: In the fully adjusted model, the results of the multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that METS-VF was related to an elevated prevalence of HUA [before PSM: odds ratio (OR) = 3.51 (2.88, 4.27), p < 0.001; after PSM: OR = 2.90 (2.36, 3.58), p < 0.001]. In RCS analysis, a non-linear positive correlation was observed between METS-VF and the incidence of HUA (before PSM: p-non-linear <0.001; after PSM: p-non-linear = 0.0065). Subgroup analysis and interaction tests revealed that the impact of METS-VF on HUA was modified by sex and ethnicity.

Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation between METS-VF and HUA in adults in the United States. METS-VF could serve as a valuable metric for assessing the development and progression of HUA.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a validated and cost-effective indicator of insulin resistance (IR). Given the significant association between visceral obesity and IR, this study aimed to investigate the utility of the TyG index in estimating visceral obesity in patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: The visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and VFA-to-SFA ratio (VSR) were determined through the analysis of CT images at the lumbar 3 level. The definition of visceral obesity was established as VFA ≥ 100 cm². The association between the TyG index and visceral obesity was assessed using logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines. The diagnostic performance for identifying visceral obesity was evaluated by calculating the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (AUC).

Results: The cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 314 patients with GC, among whom 159 (50.64%) were identified as having visceral obesity. The TyG index was positively correlated with VFA (r = 0.45, p < 0.001), SFA (r = 0.23, p < 0.001), and VSR (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). However, subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the TyG index was significantly associated with VFA and VSR, but not SFA. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the TyG index remained independently associated with visceral obesity (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.32-4.89, p = 0.005) and demonstrated a significantly positive linear correlation with visceral obesity in patients with GC (p-value for non-linearity = 0.116). TyG-BMI, the combination index of TyG and BMI, showed the highest predictive power in identifying visceral obesity in GC patients (AUC = 0.849, 95% CI: 0.807-0.890, p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis revealed a significantly stronger positive association between the TyG index and visceral obesity in patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² (p for interaction = 0.049).

Conclusion: The TyG index exhibited a significant association with visceral obesity and proved to be a valuable predictor for visceral obesity when combined with BMI in patients with GC.

Background: Salt usage patterns have been associated with a risk of multiple diseases; however, their relationship with heavy metal exposure has not been extensively studied.

Methods: This study analyzed survey data from 11,574 NHANES participants. Weighted linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the type of salt used by participants, the frequency of adding salt at the table, and the frequency of adding regular or seasoned salt to cooking or food preparation, and urinary concentrations of 10 heavy metals. Multiple sensitivity analyses were also performed.

Results: The weighted regression analysis indicated that participants' salt usage patterns were associated with an increased urinary excretion of certain heavy metals. Specifically, regarding the type of salt used, compared to regular salt, the use of salt substitutes was significantly positively correlated with urinary molybdenum (Mo) levels, while not using salt or substitutes at the table was significantly positively correlated with urinary levels of both Mo and arsenic (As). In terms of the frequency of adding regular salt at the table, frequent addition compared to rarely adding salt was significantly positively correlated with urinary levels of cadmium (Cd), and antimony (Sb), while showing a significant negative correlation with urinary Mo levels. Additionally, when examining the frequency of using regular salt during cooking or food preparation, those who occasionally or very often added regular salt had significantly higher urinary levels of barium (Ba), cesium (Cs), and thallium (Tl) compared to those who never added regular salt during cooking. These associations remained stable in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion: Our analysis revealed that participants' salt usage patterns are associated with increased excretion of certain heavy metals, suggesting possible increased exposures to these metals. While these findings are concerning, they require validation in other populations and should be confirmed through prospective studies designed based on this hypothesis.

Improving mammary gland epithelial cells proliferation through nutrition is an important approach for enhancing sow milk production and piglet growth. An intermediate metabolite of valine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), regulates cellular lipid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 3-HIB on porcine mammary gland epithelial cells proliferation and lipid metabolism. The addition of an appropriate concentration of 3-HIB significantly increased mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation and the expression of proteins associated with cell proliferation. Compared to the control group, the addition of 0.4-0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the expression levels of mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins and the cell cycle protein, Cyclin D1, while inhibiting the expression of the cell cycle arrest protein, P27. The addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the triglyceride and lipid droplet content in the cells. The addition of 3-HIB increased the expression of proteins related to de novo fatty acid synthesis and transport, resulting in a marked increase in most polyunsaturated fatty acids in the 3-HIB-added group. Compared to the control group, the addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the expression levels of the fatty acid oxidation-related proteins, ACSL and CAD, ultimately increasing cellular ATP synthesis. In summary, the addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB to porcine mammary gland epithelial cells promotes cell proliferation by enhancing lipid metabolism and the expression of cell proliferation-related proteins.

Background: Recent research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may play a role in bone metabolism through their influence on bone mineral density (BMD) and the regulation of bone turnover markers. However, epidemiological evidence linking omega-3 intake to the risk of developing osteoporosis is still emerging and remains inconclusive. This study aims to clarify the role of dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of osteoporosis.

Methods: We analyzed data from 8,889 participants categorized into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on their BMD scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We measured dietary omega-3 intake using two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Dietary omega-3 intake was quantified and divided into quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the correlation between dietary omega-3 intake and osteoporosis. The dose-response relationship between the two was analyzed with a restricted cubic spline (RCS).

Results: Higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids was inversely associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Participants in the highest quartile of omega-3 intake had a significantly lower risk (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.93) compared to those in the lowest quartile, with a consistent trend across all adjusted models (p for trend <0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations in individuals under 60 years of age, female and non-smokers. In individuals aged under 60, higher omega-3 intake was associated with significantly reduced osteoporosis risk (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.26-0.95), females showed a protective effect of high omega-3 intake against osteoporosis (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.87). Among non-smokers, higher omega-3 intake was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.90), whereas in smokers, the association was not evident (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.55-1.52). No significant associations were found in older participants or smokers. Intake of omega-3 and osteoporosis were linearly related (p for nonlinear = 0.366).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant inverse relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and osteoporosis risk, suggesting omega-3 s play a crucial role in bone health. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine dietary recommendations for osteoporosis prevention.

Objective: Vitamin B6 is involved in regulating a variety of biological reactions in cell metabolism, and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological functions. 5'-pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the main biologically active form of vitamin B6. There is currently no research on the correlation between serum PLP levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence. This study aims to explore the relationship between serum PLP levels and COPD prevalence.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult participants with complete data on COPD diagnosis and serum PLP levels from 2005 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Generalized linear model (GLM) was employed to analyze the association between serum PLP levels and COPD prevalence. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve and threshold effect analysis were used to explore the potential non-linear relationship between serum PLP levels and COPD prevalence. Subgroup analysis was carried out to assess the robustness of the relationship between serum PLP levels and COPD prevalence.

Results: A total of 11,103 participants were included in this study, of whom 830 were diagnosed with COPD. Higher PLP levels are associated with a reduced prevalence of COPD. GLM analysis confirmed that the groups with higher PLP levels (Q3 and Q4) had a significantly lower prevalence rate of COPD compared to the group of Q2. The RCS curves showed a non-linear "L"-shaped relationship between serum PLP levels and COPD prevalence. The threshold effect analysis found a critical point of 43.3 nmol/L. When serum PLP level is below 43.3 nmol/L, there is a negative correlation between serum PLP levels and COPD prevalence (p for overall <0.001, p for nonlinear <0.001). Subgroup analysis and interaction tests confirmed the robustness of the relationship.

Conclusion: This study is the first to discover a non-linear relationship between serum PLP levels and COPD prevalence. Higher serum PLP levels are associated with a reduced prevalence of COPD.

Introduction: Functional beverages are increasingly popular but it is important to validate their purported effects through research. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a new functional energy shot on cognitive performance and mood states in healthy adults, with a focus on measuring mental energy enhancement and attenuation of negative effects associated with extended performance of mentally demanding tasks.

Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Thirty-seven healthy males and females, aged 18-30 years, consumed a functional energy shot (Ryde: Energize) or placebo on separate testing occasions one-week apart. Participants completed cognitive and mood assessments pre-dose, and then 30 minutes post-dose over the course of approximately 2 hours. The functional energy shot contained caffeine, ginseng, vitamins and taurine, while the placebo shot was matched for flavor but did not contain these additional ingredients.

Results: Use of the functional energy shot was associated with significant improvements over placebo in cognitive performance, as measured by the Cognitive Demand Battery, with enhanced global performance, task-specific accuracy and speed across repeated assessments. Additionally, the shot mitigated negative effects associated with extended cognitive tasks, reducing perceived mental fatigue and increasing perceived alertness and energy. Working memory tasks showed faster performance post-consumption, and mood assessments revealed positive effects on vigor, fatigue and overall mood disturbance.

Discussion: These results indicate wide cognitive and mood effects of this functional energy shot, potentially attributable to synergistic combination of active ingredients.

Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT06384586.