Research status and advances of ammonia and hydrogen in the field of energy: Combined utilization

Ammonia and hydrogen have garnered widespread attention as potential zero-carbon energy carriers. However, challenges such as the high cost of hydrogen transportation and the difficulty of ammonia combustion hinder their application. The combined utilization of ammonia and hydrogen offers a promising solution to their respective shortcomings. This review focuses on the technical aspects and provides a detailed overview of the current progress from the production to application of ammonia and hydrogen. Case studies are analyzed to assess the feasibility and challenges of their combined application. By considering multiple factors, including technology, economics, efficiency, and policy, the review concludes that using ammonia for hydrogen storage and the integrated application of ammonia and hydrogen at the end-user level represents a highly promising pathway for a future zero-carbon energy system. This comprehensive review elaborates on the key technologies and factors to be considered for the combined utilization of ammonia and hydrogen, aiming to provide guidance for the development of a green energy system based on these two carriers.