Enhanced mechanical properties of cellulose fiber networks through synergistic effects of telechelic-structured carbohydrate-binding module-modified amphoteric polyacrylamide.

Mechanical integrity is a pivotal characteristic of cellulose fiber networks; however, their wet strength frequently deteriorates under humid conditions due to the hydrophilic nature of cellulose. This study presents a novel conjugate additive, synthesized by grafting carbohydrate-binding modules onto amphoteric polyacrylamide (CBM3-AmPAM), aimed at enhancing the mechanical properties of cellulose fiber networks at the wet-end of papermaking. The incorporation of CBM3-AmPAM significantly improved performance compared to AmPAM alone, with stress-strain properties enhanced by 1130.34 % and 202.25 % under humid conditions at a 1 % dosage. Notably, the foldability of the cellulose fiber networks increased by 33 %. Employing quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), the adsorption behaviors of CBM3, AmPAM, their conjugate (CBM3-AmPAM) and mixture (CBM3+AmPAM) onto fibers were assessed. Results indicated that CBM3-AmPAM exhibited notably robust and more irreversible adsorption compared to other tested formulations. This research highlights the potential of CBM3-AmPAM as an effective wet-end additive in papermaking and provides valuable insights into its interaction with cellulose fibers.