Iason Baldes, Maximilian Dichtl, Yann Gouttenoire, Filippo Sala
{"title":"相变中的超高能粒子碰撞和重暗物质","authors":"Iason Baldes, Maximilian Dichtl, Yann Gouttenoire, Filippo Sala","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.061001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We initiate the study of “bubbletrons,” by which we mean ultrahigh-energy collisions of the particle shells that generically form at the walls of relativistic bubbles in cosmological first-order phase transitions (PT). As an application, we calculate the maximal dark matter mass M</a:mi></a:mrow>DM</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math> that bubbletrons can produce in a <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:mi>U</c:mi><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</c:mo></c:mrow></c:math> gauge PT, finding <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mrow><g:mrow><g:msub><g:mrow><g:mi>M</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mi>DM</g:mi></g:mrow></g:msub><g:mo>∼</g:mo><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mn>10</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>5</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup><g:mo>/</g:mo><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mn>10</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>11</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup><g:mo>/</g:mo><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mn>10</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>15</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup></g:mrow><g:mtext> </g:mtext><g:mtext> </g:mtext><g:mi>GeV</g:mi></g:mrow></g:math> for PT scales <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mrow><i:msub><i:mrow><i:mi>v</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mi>ϕ</i:mi></i:mrow></i:msub><i:mo>∼</i:mo><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mn>10</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mo>−</i:mo><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup><i:mo>/</i:mo><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mn>10</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>3</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup><i:mo>/</i:mo><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mn>10</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>9</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup><i:mtext> </i:mtext><i:mtext> </i:mtext><i:mi>GeV</i:mi></i:mrow></i:math>. Bubbletrons realize a novel link between ultrahigh-energy phenomena and gravitational waves sourced at the PT, from nanohertz to megahertz frequencies. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"80 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Ultrahigh-Energy Particle Collisions and Heavy Dark Matter at Phase Transitions\",\"authors\":\"Iason Baldes, Maximilian Dichtl, Yann Gouttenoire, Filippo Sala\",\"doi\":\"10.1103/physrevlett.134.061001\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"We initiate the study of “bubbletrons,” by which we mean ultrahigh-energy collisions of the particle shells that generically form at the walls of relativistic bubbles in cosmological first-order phase transitions (PT). As an application, we calculate the maximal dark matter mass M</a:mi></a:mrow>DM</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math> that bubbletrons can produce in a <c:math xmlns:c=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\"><c:mrow><c:mi>U</c:mi><c:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</c:mo></c:mrow></c:math> gauge PT, finding <g:math xmlns:g=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\"><g:mrow><g:mrow><g:msub><g:mrow><g:mi>M</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mi>DM</g:mi></g:mrow></g:msub><g:mo>∼</g:mo><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mn>10</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>5</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup><g:mo>/</g:mo><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mn>10</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>11</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup><g:mo>/</g:mo><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mn>10</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>15</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup></g:mrow><g:mtext> </g:mtext><g:mtext> </g:mtext><g:mi>GeV</g:mi></g:mrow></g:math> for PT scales <i:math xmlns:i=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\"><i:mrow><i:msub><i:mrow><i:mi>v</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mi>ϕ</i:mi></i:mrow></i:msub><i:mo>∼</i:mo><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mn>10</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mo>−</i:mo><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup><i:mo>/</i:mo><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mn>10</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>3</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup><i:mo>/</i:mo><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mn>10</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>9</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup><i:mtext> </i:mtext><i:mtext> </i:mtext><i:mi>GeV</i:mi></i:mrow></i:math>. Bubbletrons realize a novel link between ultrahigh-energy phenomena and gravitational waves sourced at the PT, from nanohertz to megahertz frequencies. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20069,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Physical review letters\",\"volume\":\"80 3 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":9.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-02-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Physical review letters\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.061001\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical review letters","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.061001","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrahigh-Energy Particle Collisions and Heavy Dark Matter at Phase Transitions
We initiate the study of “bubbletrons,” by which we mean ultrahigh-energy collisions of the particle shells that generically form at the walls of relativistic bubbles in cosmological first-order phase transitions (PT). As an application, we calculate the maximal dark matter mass MDM that bubbletrons can produce in a U(1) gauge PT, finding MDM∼105/1011/1015GeV for PT scales vϕ∼10−2/103/109GeV. Bubbletrons realize a novel link between ultrahigh-energy phenomena and gravitational waves sourced at the PT, from nanohertz to megahertz frequencies. Published by the American Physical Society2025
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Physical review letters(PRL)covers the full range of applied, fundamental, and interdisciplinary physics research topics:
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