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Controlling Energy Storage Crossing Quantum Phase Transitions in an Integrable Spin Quantum Battery 控制可积分自旋量子电池中的能量存储跨越量子相变
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.197001
Riccardo Grazi, Daniel Sacco Shaikh, Maura Sassetti, Niccoló Traverso Ziani, Dario Ferraro
We investigate the performance of a one-dimensional dimerized 𝑋𝑌 chain as a spin quantum battery. Such integrable model shows a rich quantum phase diagram that emerges through a mapping of the spins onto auxiliary fermionic degrees of freedom. We consider a charging protocol relying on the double quench of an internal parameter, namely the strength of the dimerization, and address the energy stored in the systems. We observe three distinct regimes, depending on the timescale characterizing the duration of the charging: a short-time regime related to the dynamics of the single dimers, a long-time regime related to the recurrence time of the system at finite size, and a thermodynamic limit time regime. In the latter, the energy stored is almost unaffected by the charging time and the precise values of the charging parameters, provided the quench crosses a quantum phase transition. Finally, we analytically prove that the three-timescale behavior and the strong dependence of the energy stored on the quantum phase diagram also hold in the quantum Ising chain in a transverse field. Our results can play a relevant role in the design of stable solid-state quantum batteries.
我们研究了一维二聚化𝑋𝑌链作为自旋量子电池的性能。通过将自旋映射到辅助费米子自由度上,这种可积分模型显示出丰富的量子相图。我们考虑了一种依赖于内部参数(即二聚化强度)双重淬火的充电协议,并探讨了系统中存储的能量。根据表征充电持续时间的时间尺度,我们观察到三种截然不同的机制:与单个二聚体动力学相关的短时机制、与有限大小系统的重现时间相关的长时机制,以及热力学极限时间机制。在后者中,只要淬火跨越量子相变,储存的能量几乎不受充电时间和充电参数精确值的影响。最后,我们通过分析证明,在横向场中,量子伊辛链的三时间尺度行为和存储能量对量子相图的强依赖性也是成立的。我们的研究结果可在设计稳定的固态量子电池中发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Survival Resonances during Fractional Killing of Cell Populations 细胞群分数杀伤过程中的生存共振
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.198401
Francesco Puccioni, Johannes Pausch, Paul Piho, Philipp Thomas
Fractional killing in response to drugs is a hallmark of nongenetic cellular heterogeneity. Yet how individual lineages evade drug treatment, as observed in bacteria and cancer cells, is not quantitatively understood. We study a stochastic population model with age-dependent division and death rates, allowing for persistence. In periodic drug environments, we discover peaks in the survival probabilities at division or death times that are multiples of the environment duration. The survival resonances are unseen in unstructured populations and are amplified by persistence.
对药物的分化杀伤是非遗传细胞异质性的标志。然而,人们对细菌和癌细胞中观察到的单个细胞系如何逃避药物治疗还没有定量的了解。我们研究了一个随机种群模型,该模型的分裂率和死亡率与年龄有关,并允许持续存在。在周期性药物环境中,我们发现在分裂或死亡时间的生存概率峰值是环境持续时间的倍数。这种存活共振在非结构化种群中是看不到的,并通过持久性得到了放大。
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引用次数: 0
Incorporating Heterogeneous Interactions for Ecological Biodiversity 纳入异质相互作用,促进生态生物多样性
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.198402
Jong Il Park (박종일), Deok-Sun Lee (이덕선), Sang Hoon Lee (이상훈), Hye Jin Park (박혜진)
Understanding the behaviors of ecological systems is challenging given their multifaceted complexity. To proceed, theoretical models such as Lotka-Volterra dynamics with random interactions have been investigated by the dynamical mean-field theory to provide insights into underlying principles such as how biodiversity and stability depend on the randomness in interaction strength. Yet the fully connected structures assumed in these previous studies are not realistic, as revealed by a vast amount of empirical data. We derive a generic formula for the abundance distribution under an arbitrary distribution of degree, the number of interacting neighbors, which leads to degree-dependent abundance patterns of species. Notably, in contrast to the fully interacting systems, the number of surviving species can be reduced as the community becomes cooperative in heterogeneous interaction structures. Our study, therefore, demonstrates that properly taking into account heterogeneity in the interspecific interaction structure is indispensable to understanding the diversity in large ecosystems, and our general theoretical framework can apply to a much wider range of interacting many-body systems.
由于生态系统具有多方面的复杂性,因此了解其行为具有挑战性。为此,人们利用动态均场理论研究了具有随机相互作用的洛特卡-伏特拉动力学等理论模型,以深入了解生物多样性和稳定性如何取决于相互作用强度的随机性等基本原理。然而,正如大量经验数据所揭示的那样,以往这些研究中假设的全连接结构并不现实。我们推导出了在任意度分布(即相互作用邻域的数量)条件下丰度分布的通用公式,从而得出了物种丰度依赖度的模式。值得注意的是,与完全交互系统相比,在异质交互结构中,随着群落变得合作,存活物种的数量会减少。因此,我们的研究表明,要理解大型生态系统的多样性,就必须适当考虑种间相互作用结构的异质性,而我们的一般理论框架可适用于更广泛的相互作用多体系统。
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引用次数: 0
Loss-Induced Quantum Information Jet in an Infinite Temperature Hubbard Chain 无限温度哈巴链中损耗诱导的量子信息喷射
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.190403
Patrik Penc, Cătălin Paşcu Moca, Örs Legeza, Tomaž Prosen, Gergely Zaránd, Miklós Antal Werner
Information propagation in the one-dimensional infinite temperature Hubbard model with a dissipative particle sink at the end of a semi-infinite chain is studied. In the strongly interacting limit, the two-site mutual information and the operator entanglement entropy exhibit a rich structure with two propagating information fronts and superimposed interference fringes. A classical reversible cellular automaton model quantitatively captures the transport and the slow, classical part of the correlations but fails to describe the rapidly propagating information jet. The fast quantum jet resembles coherent free particle propagation, with the accompanying long-ranged interference fringes that are exponentially damped by short-ranged spin correlations in the many-body background.
研究了在半无限链末端有耗散粒子汇的一维无限温度哈伯德模型中的信息传播。在强相互作用极限中,两点互信息和算子纠缠熵表现出丰富的结构,有两条传播信息的前沿和叠加的干涉条纹。经典的可逆蜂窝自动机模型定量地捕捉了相关性的传输和慢速经典部分,但却无法描述快速传播的信息射流。快速量子射流类似于相干自由粒子传播,并伴随着长距离干涉条纹,这些条纹被多体背景中的短距离自旋相关性以指数方式阻尼。
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引用次数: 0
Large Photoinduced Tuning of Ferroelectricity in Sliding Ferroelectrics 滑动铁电中铁电性的大光诱导调谐
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.196801
Lingyuan Gao, Laurent Bellaiche
Stacking nonpolar, monolayer materials has emerged as an effective strategy to harvest ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials. At a particular stacking sequence, interlayer charge transfer allows for the generation of out-of-plane dipole components, and the polarization magnitude and direction can be altered by an interlayer sliding. In this work, we use ab initio calculations and demonstrate that in prototype sliding ferroelectrics rhombohedrally-stacked bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides MoS2, the out-of-plane electric polarization can be robustly tuned by photoexcitation in a large range for a given sliding. Such tuning is associated with both a structural origin—i.e., photoinduced structural distortion—and a charge origin, namely, the distribution of photoexcited carriers. We elucidate different roles that photoexcitation plays in modulating sliding ferroelectricity under different light intensities, and we highlight the pivotal role of light in manipulating polarization of 2D vdW materials.
堆叠非极性单层材料已成为获取二维范德华(vdW)材料铁电性的有效策略。在特定的堆叠顺序下,层间电荷转移可产生平面外偶极子分量,极化幅度和方向可通过层间滑动来改变。在这项研究中,我们利用 ab initio 计算证明,在原型滑动铁电体斜方体堆叠双层过渡金属二掺杂物 MoS2 中,平面外电极化可以通过光激发在给定滑动的很大范围内进行稳健的调整。这种调谐既与结构有关,即光诱导的结构畸变,也与电荷有关,即光激发载流子的分布。我们阐明了光激发在不同光强度下调节滑动铁电性的不同作用,并强调了光在操纵二维 vdW 材料极化中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring Absolute Velocities from Nonequilibrium Oscillations via Single-Detector 3D Dynamic Light Scattering 通过单探测器三维动态光散射测量非平衡振荡的绝对速度
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.198202
José López-Molina, Arturo Moncho-Jordá, María Tirado-Miranda
Single-detector 3D dynamic light scattering (3D DLS) emerges as a reliable technique to determine the drift velocity of out-of-equilibrium colloidal particles. In particular, our investigation reveals the appearance of oscillations of a well-defined frequency in the autocorrelation function of the scattered intensity when particles are immersed in a medium exposed to thermally induced convection. These oscillations arise as a consequence of the directed motion of particles due to the convection of the fluid. The experimental results obtained for different colloidal systems are corroborated by a theoretical model and thoroughly validated with fluid dynamics and Brownian dynamics simulations. The excellent agreement between experimental, theoretical and simulation data allows us to provide a solid and comprehensive explanation of the observed physical phenomena. This Letter, using an advanced dynamic light scattering technique, offers insights into the field of nonequilibrium particle dynamics, applicable not only to colloidal suspensions affected by steady-state diffusion-convection but also to other nonequilibrium scenarios, such as systems driven by external fields (e.g., gravitational, electric or magnetic fields).
单探测器三维动态光散射(3D DLS)是确定失衡胶体粒子漂移速度的可靠技术。特别是,我们的研究发现,当颗粒浸入热诱导对流的介质中时,散射强度的自相关函数中会出现频率明确的振荡。这些振荡是流体对流导致粒子定向运动的结果。针对不同胶体系统获得的实验结果得到了理论模型的证实,并通过流体动力学和布朗动力学模拟进行了全面验证。实验、理论和模拟数据之间的极佳一致性使我们能够对观察到的物理现象做出可靠而全面的解释。这封信采用了先进的动态光散射技术,为非平衡粒子动力学领域提供了见解,不仅适用于受稳态扩散对流影响的胶体悬浮液,也适用于其他非平衡情景,如外部场(如引力场、电场或磁场)驱动的系统。
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引用次数: 0
Quasiperiodic Moiré Reconstruction and Modulation of Electronic Properties in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Aligned with Hexagonal Boron Nitride 与六方氮化硼对齐的双层扭曲石墨烯中的准周期莫伊雷重构和电子特性调制
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.196401
Si-yu Li, Zhiyue Xu, Yingbo Wang, Yingzhuo Han, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Aisheng Song, Tian-Bao Ma, Hong-Jun Gao, Yuhang Jiang, Jinhai Mao
Twisted van der Waals systems have emerged as intriguing arenas for exploring exotic strongly correlated and topological physics, with structural reconstruction and strain playing essential roles in determining their electronic properties. In twisted bilayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="63" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" overflow="linebreak" role="tree" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 100.7%;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure="(6 (5 0 1 2) 3 4)"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children="5,4" data-semantic-content="3" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns="5 3 4" data-semantic-role="subtraction" data-semantic-speech="upper T upper B upper G divided by h minus upper B upper N" data-semantic-type="infixop"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added="true" data-semantic-children="0,2" data-semantic-content="1" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns="0 1 2" data-semantic-parent="6" data-semantic-role="division" data-semantic-type="infixop"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="5" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c noic="true" style="padding-top: 0.669em;">T</mjx-c><mjx-c noic="true" style="padding-top: 0.669em;">B</mjx-c><mjx-c style="padding-top: 0.669em;">G</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="infixop,/" data-semantic-parent="5" data-semantic-role="division" data-semantic-type="operator" space="2"><mjx-c>/</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="italic" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="5" data-semantic-role="latinletter" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c>ℎ</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation="general:text" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="infixop,−" data-semantic-parent="6" data-semantic-role="subtraction" data-semantic-type="operator" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style="font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 7px;" variant="-explicitFont">−</mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mi data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="6" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="identifier" space="2"><mjx-c noic="true" style="padding-top: 0.657em;">B</mjx-c><mjx-c style="padding-top: 0.657em;">N</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container>), the interplay between the two sets of moiré patterns from graphene-graphene (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="64" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" overflow="linebreak" role="tree" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 100.7%;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure="(3 0 1 2)"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children="0,2" data-semantic-content="1" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns="0 1 2" data-semantic-role="subtraction" data-semantic-speech="upper G minus upper G" data-semantic-type="infixop"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="italic" data-semantic-
扭曲范德瓦耳斯系统已成为探索奇异强相关和拓扑物理学的有趣领域,其结构重构和应变在决定其电子特性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在与六方氮化硼(TBG/稹-BN)对齐的扭曲双层石墨烯中,来自石墨烯-石墨烯(ᵃ-ᵃ)和石墨烯-稹-氮化硼(ᵃ-稹-BN)界面的两组摩尔纹之间的相互作用会引发显著的摩尔纹重构(MPR)。在这里,我们展示了具有两个相似摩尔纹波长的 TBG/ 并-BN 中的准周期性摩尔纹重构,其中摩尔纹重构是由于𝐺-𝐺 和𝐺- 并-BN 的摩尔纹波长之间不相称的不匹配造成的。短程、近乎有序的摩尔纹超超微结构偏离了摩尔纹准晶,并伴有不均匀应变,从而在魔幻角附近的 TBG 带状结构中的范霍夫奇点(VHs)之间产生了空间可变的能量分离。通过调节样品中的载流子密度,我们观察到了特定𝐴𝐴位点上的相关间隙,揭示了 TBG 中𝐴𝐴位点的量子点状行为和非相干特性。我们的发现将为 TBG/ 搭配-BN 中丰富的新型量子相的微观机制提供新的线索。
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引用次数: 0
Stability of Weyl Node Merging Processes under Symmetry Constraints 对称约束下韦尔节点合并过程的稳定性
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.196602
Gabriele Naselli, György Frank, Dániel Varjas, Ion Cosma Fulga, Gergő Pintér, András Pályi, Viktor Könye
Changes in the number of Weyl nodes in Weyl semimetals occur through merging processes, usually involving a pair of oppositely charged nodes. More complicated processes involving multiple Weyl nodes are also possible, but they typically require fine tuning and are thus less stable. In this Letter, we study how symmetries affect the allowed merging processes and their stability, focusing on the combination of a twofold rotation and time-reversal (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="25" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" overflow="linebreak" role="tree" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 100.7%;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure="(5 (2 0 1) 4 3)"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:unit" data-semantic-children="2,3" data-semantic-content="4" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns="2 4 3" data-semantic-role="implicit" data-semantic-speech="upper C 2 script upper T" data-semantic-type="infixop"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children="0,1" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns="0 1" data-semantic-parent="5" data-semantic-role="latinletter" data-semantic-type="subscript"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="italic" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="2" data-semantic-role="latinletter" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c>𝐶</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-script style="vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.018em;"><mjx-mrow size="s"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="2" data-semantic-role="integer" data-semantic-type="number"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-mo data-semantic-added="true" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="infixop,⁢" data-semantic-parent="5" data-semantic-role="multiplication" data-semantic-type="operator"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="script" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="5" data-semantic-role="latinletter" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c>𝒯</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container>) symmetry. We find that, counterintuitively, processes involving a merging of three nodes are more generic than processes involving only two nodes. Our Letter suggests that multi-Weyl merging may be observed in a large variety of quantum materials, and we discuss <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="26" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" overflow="linebreak" role="tree" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 100.7%;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure="(2 0 1)"><mjx-mrow><mjx-msub data-semantic-children="0,1" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns="0 1" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-speech="upper S r upper S i 2" data-semantic-type="subscript"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="2" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c noic="true" style="padding-top: 0.673em;">S</mjx-c><mjx-c noic="true" style="padding-
Weyl半金属中 Weyl 节点数量的变化是通过合并过程发生的,通常涉及一对带相反电荷的节点。涉及多个 Weyl 节点的更复杂过程也是可能的,但它们通常需要微调,因此稳定性较差。在这封信中,我们研究了对称性如何影响允许的合并过程及其稳定性,重点是两重旋转和时间反转(𝐶2𝒯)对称性的组合。我们发现,与直觉相反,涉及三个节点合并的过程比只涉及两个节点的过程更通用。我们的信表明,在大量量子材料中都可能观察到多Weyl合并,我们讨论了作为潜在候选材料的SrSi2和双层石墨烯。
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引用次数: 0
Augmenting Density Matrix Renormalization Group with Clifford Circuits 用克里福德电路增强密度矩阵重正化群
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.190402
Xiangjian Qian, Jiale Huang, Mingpu Qin
The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is widely acknowledged as a highly effective and accurate method for solving one-dimensional quantum many-body systems. However, the direct application of DMRG to the study of two-dimensional systems encounters challenges due to the limited entanglement encoded in the underlying wave-function Ansatz, known as the matrix product state. Conversely, Clifford circuits offer a promising avenue for simulating states with substantial entanglement, albeit confined to stabilizer states. In this work, we present the seamless integration of Clifford circuits within the DMRG algorithm, leveraging the advantages of both Clifford circuits and DMRG. This integration leads to a significant enhancement in simulation accuracy with small additional computational cost. Moreover, this framework is useful not only for its current application but also for its potential to be easily adapted to various other numerical approaches.
密度矩阵重正化群(DMRG)被公认为是求解一维量子多体系统的高效而精确的方法。然而,由于底层波函数解析(即矩阵乘积态)中编码的纠缠有限,将 DMRG 直接应用于二维系统的研究遇到了挑战。相反,克利福德电路为模拟具有大量纠缠力的状态提供了一条大有可为的途径,尽管这种状态仅限于稳定器状态。在这项研究中,我们利用克利福德电路和 DMRG 的优势,将克利福德电路无缝集成到 DMRG 算法中。这种集成大大提高了仿真精度,而额外的计算成本却很小。此外,这一框架不仅在当前应用中非常有用,而且还可以轻松地适用于其他各种数值方法。
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引用次数: 0
Laser-Driven Proton-Only Acceleration in a Multicomponent Near-Critical-Density Plasma 多组分近临界密度等离子体中的激光驱动质子加速
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.195102
Y. Sakawaet al.
An experimental investigation of collisionless shock ion acceleration is presented using a multicomponent plasma and a high-intensity picosecond duration laser pulse. Protons are the only accelerated ions when a near-critical-density plasma is driven by a laser with a modest normalized vector potential. The results of particle-in-cell simulations imply that collisionless shock may accelerate protons alone selectively, which can be an important tool for understanding the physics of inaccessible collisionless shocks in space and astrophysical plasma.
本文介绍了利用多组分等离子体和高强度皮秒激光脉冲进行的无碰撞冲击离子加速实验研究。当接近临界密度的等离子体由具有适度归一化矢量势的激光驱动时,质子是唯一被加速的离子。粒子入胞模拟的结果表明,无碰撞冲击可选择性地单独加速质子,这对于了解太空和天体物理等离子体中难以接近的无碰撞冲击的物理原理是一个重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Physical review letters
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