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Effects of onabotulinumtoxin A in patients concurrently diagnosed with chronic migraine encephalalgia and temporomandibular disorders: A retrospective case series. 对同时被诊断患有慢性偏头痛和颞下颌关节紊乱症的患者使用A型肉毒毒素的效果:回顾性病例系列。
IF 2 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2045114
Andrew J Gross, John W Hudson, Catalina Matias, Brady J Jones

Objective: Chronic migraine encephalalgia (CME) with concomitant temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a serious illness with limited effective treatment options. This study explores the effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA (BtxA) as an adjunct therapeutic to TMJ arthroscopy in the relief of CME.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients receiving TMJ arthroscopy, with or without BtxA injections for CME, was conducted. Variables assessed include pain using a visual analog scale (VAS), maximal incisal opening (MIO), muscle soreness, and headache frequency and duration.

Results: Sixty patients (44 BtxA, 16 Control), consisting of 56 (93.3%) females, met inclusion criteria. A significant reduction in pain is reported with patients receiving BtxA (p < 0.0001) on VAS as compared to Control group. BtxA treatment also significantly reduced headache frequency and duration (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results support the use of adjunctive BtxA treatment with arthroscopy for the treatment of CME in the context of TMD.

目的:伴有颞下颌关节紊乱(TMD)的慢性偏头痛(CME)是一种严重的疾病,但有效的治疗方法有限。本研究探讨了在颞下颌关节镜手术的基础上使用鬼臼毒素 A(BtxA)作为辅助疗法对缓解 CME 的有效性:方法:对接受颞下颌关节镜检查并注射或不注射 BtxA 治疗 CME 的患者进行回顾性队列研究。评估变量包括疼痛(使用视觉模拟量表(VAS))、最大切口开度(MIO)、肌肉酸痛、头痛频率和持续时间:符合纳入标准的 60 名患者(44 名 BtxA 患者,16 名对照组患者)中有 56 名女性(93.3%)。据报告,接受 BtxA 治疗的患者疼痛明显减轻(p p 结论:这些结果支持使用 BtxA 作为辅助治疗:这些结果支持将 BtxA 治疗与关节镜手术相结合,用于治疗 TMD 下的 CME。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Quantum Simulation of Multicriticality in Closed and Open Rabi Model. 封闭式和开放式拉比模型的多临界性量子模拟实验。
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.173602
Ze Wu, Changsheng Hu, Tianyun Wang, Yuquan Chen, Yuchen Li, Liqiang Zhao, Xin-You Lü, Xinhua Peng

Quantum multicriticality not only has fundamental research significance but also can promote the development of emerging quantum technologies, owing to its rich phase transition mechanisms and quantum resources. While theoretical studies have predicted the multicritical phenomena in the light-matter systems, the experimental demonstration remains elusive for the challenges of achieving the system's ground or steady states in strong coupling regimes. Here, by implementing the quantum adiabatic algorithm and the dissipative-system variational quantum algorithm on nuclear magnetic resonance quantum simulator, we successfully demonstrate the tricritical phenomena both in the closed and open systems described by the two-axis Rabi model. The experimental results clearly show that, beyond the decoherence effect, dissipation leads to the emergence of a novel multicritical phenomenon: it splits the first-order phase transition line of the closed Rabi model, and doubles the tricritical point. Our work provides a feasible technique for engineering the open quantum systems and opens a new avenue for exploring nonequilibrium many-body physics.

量子多临界因其丰富的相变机制和量子资源,不仅具有基础研究意义,还能促进新兴量子技术的发展。虽然理论研究已经预言了光物质系统中的多临界现象,但由于在强耦合状态下实现系统的基态或稳态仍面临挑战,因此实验证明仍难以实现。在这里,通过在核磁共振量子模拟器上实施量子绝热算法和耗散系统变量子算法,我们成功地证明了双轴拉比模型所描述的封闭系统和开放系统中的三临界现象。实验结果清楚地表明,在退相干效应之外,耗散导致了一种新的多临界现象的出现:它分裂了封闭拉比模型的一阶相变线,并使三临界点增加了一倍。我们的工作为开放量子系统工程提供了一种可行的技术,并为探索非平衡多体物理学开辟了一条新途径。
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引用次数: 0
Binary Nature of Collisions Facilitates Runaway Electron Generation in Weakly Ionized Plasmas. 碰撞的二元性质促进了弱电离等离子体中电子的失控生成
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.175102
Y Lee, P Aleynikov, P C de Vries, H-T Kim, J Lee, M Hoppe, J-K Park, G J Choi, J Gwak, Y-S Na

Dreicer generation is one of the main mechanisms of runaway electron generation in weakly ionized plasmas. It is often described as a diffusive flow from the Maxwellian core into high energies under the effect of the electric field. In this Letter we demonstrate a critical role of the binary nature of inelastic collisions in weakly ionized plasma during tokamak startup, where some electrons experience virtually no collisions during acceleration to the critical energy. We show that using the Fokker-Planck collisional operator can underestimate the Dreicer generation rate by several orders of magnitude.

德雷克生成是弱电离等离子体中电子失控生成的主要机制之一。它通常被描述为在电场作用下从麦克斯韦核心向高能量的扩散流。在这封信中,我们证明了在托卡马克启动过程中,弱电离等离子体中的非弹性碰撞的二元性质所起的关键作用。我们证明,使用福克-普朗克碰撞算子会低估德雷克生成率几个数量级。
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引用次数: 0
Direct Evidence of Breakdown of Spin Statistics in Ion-Atom Charge Exchange Collisions. 离子-原子电荷交换碰撞中自旋统计破缺的直接证据
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.173002
XiaoLong Zhu, Shaofeng Zhang, Yong Gao, Dalong Guo, Jiawei Xu, Ruitian Zhang, Dongmei Zhao, Kaizhao Lin, Xubin Zhu, Dadi Xing, Shucheng Cui, Stylianos Passalidis, Alain Dubois, X Ma

Recent experimental studies have questioned the validity of spin statistics assumptions, particularly in charge exchange processes occurring in atomic MeV collisions. Here, we study spin-resolved single electron capture processes in collisions between C^{3+} ions and helium within an energy range of 1.25-400  keV/u. Using high resolution reaction microscope and multielectronic theoretical approaches, we directly measure and calculate the true population information of the C^{2+}(1s^{2}2s2p ^{1,3}P) states at the time of electron capture, overcoming the previous experimental and theoretical difficulties. At the level of integral and scattering angle differential cross sections, our results demonstrate the breakdown of pure spin statistics arguments, especially at high impact energies where they are traditionally expected to be valid. These novel findings and conclusions raise intriguing questions both in the understanding of the electronic dynamics during such fast collisional processes and in exploring quantum manipulation of atomic and molecular reactivity.

最近的实验研究对自旋统计假设的有效性提出了质疑,尤其是在原子MeV碰撞中发生的电荷交换过程。在这里,我们研究了在 1.25-400 keV/u 能量范围内 C^{3+} 离子与氦碰撞中的自旋分辨单电子俘获过程。利用高分辨率反应显微镜和多电子理论方法,我们直接测量和计算了电子俘获时 C^{2+}(1s^{2}2s2p ^{1,3}P)态的真实种群信息,克服了以往实验和理论上的困难。在积分截面和散射角差截面的层面上,我们的结果证明了纯自旋统计论点的崩溃,尤其是在传统上认为有效的高撞击能量下。这些新发现和结论在理解此类快速碰撞过程中的电子动力学以及探索原子和分子反应性的量子操纵方面都提出了引人入胜的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Cornertronics in Two-Dimensional Second-Order Topological Insulators. 二维二阶拓扑绝缘体中的角电学
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.176602
Yilin Han, Chaoxi Cui, Xiao-Ping Li, Ting-Ting Zhang, Zeying Zhang, Zhi-Ming Yu, Yugui Yao

Traditional electronic devices rely on the electron's intrinsic degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) to process information. However, additional d.o.f., like the valley, can emerge in the low-energy states of certain systems. Here, we show that the quantum dots constructed from two-dimensional second-order topological insulators posses a new kind of d.o.f., namely corner freedom, related to the topological corner states that reside at different corners of the systems. Since the corner states are well separated in real space, they can be individually and intuitively manipulated, giving rise to the concept of cornertronics. Via symmetry analysis and material search, we identify the TiSiCO-family monolayers as the first prototype of cornertronics materials, where the corner states can be controlled by both electric and optical fields due to novel corner-layer coupling effect and corner-contrasted linear dichroism. Furthermore, we find that the band gap of the TiSiCO nanodisk lies in the terahertz region and is robust to size reduction. These results indicate that the TiSiCO nanodisks can be used to design terahertz devices with ultrasmall size and electric-field tunable band gap. Besides, the TiSiCO nanodisks are simultaneously sensitive to both the strength and polarization of the terahertz waves. Our findings not only pave the way for cornertronics, but also open a new direction for research in two-dimensional second-order topological insulators, quantum dots, and terahertz electronics.

传统的电子设备依靠电子的固有自由度(d.o.f.)来处理信息。然而,在某些系统的低能态中会出现额外的自由度,比如谷。在这里,我们展示了由二维二阶拓扑绝缘体构建的量子点拥有一种新的自由度,即角自由度,这与系统不同角落的拓扑角态有关。由于角态在实际空间中被很好地分开,因此可以对它们进行单独和直观的操作,这就产生了角电子学的概念。通过对称性分析和材料搜索,我们发现 TiSiCO 系列单层材料是角电子学材料的第一个原型,由于新颖的角层耦合效应和角对比线性二色性,角态可同时受电场和光场控制。此外,我们还发现 TiSiCO 纳米磁盘的带隙位于太赫兹区域,并且对缩小尺寸具有稳健性。这些结果表明,TiSiCO 纳米盘可用于设计具有超小尺寸和电场可调带隙的太赫兹器件。此外,TiSiCO 纳米磁盘对太赫兹波的强度和极化同时敏感。我们的发现不仅为角超导铺平了道路,还为二维二阶拓扑绝缘体、量子点和太赫兹电子学的研究开辟了新方向。
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引用次数: 0
Limits of Noisy Quantum Metrology with Restricted Quantum Controls. 受限量子控制的噪声量子计量学极限。
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.170801
Sisi Zhou

The Heisenberg limit [(HL), with estimation error scales as 1/n] and the standard quantum limit (SQL, ∝1/sqrt[n]) are two fundamental limits in estimating an unknown parameter in n copies of quantum channels and are achievable with full quantum controls, e.g., quantum error correction (QEC). It is unknown though, whether these limits are still achievable in restricted quantum devices when QEC is unavailable, e.g., with only unitary controls or bounded system sizes. In this Letter, we discover various new limits for estimating qubit channels under restrictive controls. The HL is shown to be unachievable in various cases, indicating the necessity of QEC in achieving the HL. Furthermore, a necessary and sufficient condition to achieve the SQL is determined, where a single-qubit unitary control protocol is identified to achieve the SQL for certain types of noisy channels, and for other cases a constant floor on the estimation error is proven. A practical example of the unitary protocol is provided.

海森堡极限[(HL),估计误差标度为 1/n]和标准量子极限(SQL,∝1/sqrt[n])是在 n 份量子信道中估计未知参数的两个基本极限,可通过全量子控制(如量子纠错(QEC))实现。但是,当量子纠错(QEC)不可用时,这些极限是否还能在受限量子设备中实现,例如,仅使用单元控制或有界系统大小,目前还不得而知。在这封信中,我们发现了在限制性控制下估计量子比特通道的各种新极限。在各种情况下,HL 都无法实现,这表明 QEC 在实现 HL 方面的必要性。此外,还确定了实现 SQL 的必要条件和充分条件,其中确定了一种单量子比特单元控制协议来实现某些类型噪声信道的 SQL,并证明了其他情况下估计误差的恒定下限。本文还提供了一个单元协议的实际例子。
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引用次数: 0
Renormalization-Group Evolution for the Three-Particle B-Meson Soft Function. 三粒子 B-Meson 软函数的重正化群演化。
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.171901
Yong-Kang Huang, Yao Ji, Yue-Long Shen, Chao Wang, Yu-Ming Wang, Xue-Chen Zhao

We determine for the first time the renormalization-group equation for the three-particle B-meson soft function dictating the nonperturbative strong interaction dynamics of the long-distance penguin contributions to the double radiative B-meson decays. The distinctive feature of the ultraviolet renormalization of this fundamental soft function consists in the pattern of mixing positive into negative support for an arbitrary initial condition. The exact solution to this integrodifferential evolution equation is then derived with the Laplace transform technique, allowing for the model-independent extraction of the asymptotic behavior at large and small partonic momenta.

我们首次确定了三粒子 B-介子软函数的重正化群方程,该方程决定了双辐射 B-介子衰变的远距离企鹅贡献的非微扰强相互作用动力学。这一基本软函数的紫外重正化的显著特点在于,在任意初始条件下,正支持与负支持的混合模式。然后利用拉普拉斯变换技术推导出这一整数微分演化方程的精确解,从而可以在与模型无关的情况下提取大小粒子矩的渐近行为。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrodynamic Attractor in Ultracold Atoms. 超冷原子中的流体动力吸引器
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.173402
Keisuke Fujii, Tilman Enss

The hydrodynamic attractor is a concept that describes universal equilibration behavior in which systems lose microscopic details before hydrodynamics becomes applicable. We propose a setup to observe hydrodynamic attractors in ultracold atomic gases, taking advantage of the fact that driving the two-body s-wave scattering length causes phenomena equivalent to isotropic fluid expansions. We specifically consider two-component fermions with contact interactions in three dimensions and discuss their dynamics under a power-law drive of the scattering length in a uniform system. By explicit computation, we derive a hydrodynamic relaxation model. We analytically solve their dynamics and find the hydrodynamic attractor solution. Our proposed method using the scattering length drive is applicable to a wide range of ultracold atomic systems, and our results establish these as a new platform for exploring hydrodynamic attractors.

流体力学吸引子是一个描述普遍平衡行为的概念,在这种行为中,系统在流体力学变得适用之前就会失去微观细节。我们提出了一种在超冷原子气体中观察流体力学吸引子的装置,利用了驱动二体 s 波散射长度会导致等同于各向同性流体膨胀的现象这一事实。我们特别考虑了三维空间中具有接触相互作用的双分量费米子,并讨论了它们在均匀系统中散射长度幂律驱动下的动力学。通过显式计算,我们得出了流体力学弛豫模型。我们对它们的动力学进行了分析求解,并找到了流体力学吸引子解。我们提出的利用散射长度驱动的方法适用于广泛的超冷原子系统,我们的研究结果使这些系统成为探索流体力学吸引子的新平台。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Spontaneous Breaking of U(1) Symmetry at Zero Temperature in One Dimension. 一维零温U(1)对称性的临界自发破缺。
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.176001
Haruki Watanabe, Hosho Katsura, Jong Yeon Lee

The Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner theorem states that there is no spontaneous breaking of continuous internal symmetries in spatial dimensions d≤2 at finite temperature. At zero temperature, the quantum-to-classical mapping further implies the absence of such symmetry breaking in one dimension, which is also known as Coleman's theorem in the context of relativistic quantum field theories. One route to violate this "folklore" is requiring an order parameter to commute with a Hamiltonian, as in the classic example of the Heisenberg ferromagnet and its variations. However, a systematic understanding has been lacking. In this Letter, we propose a family of one-dimensional models that display spontaneous breaking of a U(1) symmetry at zero temperature, where the order parameter does not commute with the Hamiltonian. While our models can be deformed continuously within the same phase, there exist symmetry-preserving perturbations that render the observed symmetry breaking fragile. We argue that a more general condition for this behavior is that the Hamiltonian is frustration-free.

霍恩伯格-默明-瓦格纳定理(Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner theorem)指出,在有限温度下,空间维数 d≤2 的连续内部对称性不存在自发破缺。在零温度下,量子到经典的映射进一步意味着在一维中不存在这种对称性破缺,这在相对论量子场论中也被称为科尔曼定理。违反这一 "民间传说 "的途径之一是要求阶参数与哈密顿换算,如海森堡铁磁体及其变体的经典例子。然而,我们一直缺乏系统的理解。在这封信中,我们提出了一系列一维模型,这些模型在零温度下显示出 U(1) 对称性的自发破缺,其中的阶次参数不与哈密顿换算。虽然我们的模型可以在同一相位内连续变形,但存在保留对称性的扰动,使观察到的对称性破缺变得脆弱。我们认为,这种行为的一个更普遍的条件是哈密顿是无挫折的。
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引用次数: 0
Reflection Measurement of the Scattering Mean Free Path at the Onset of Multiple Scattering. 多重散射开始时对散射平均自由路径的反射测量。
IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.176301
Antton Goïcoechea, Cécile Brütt, Arthur Le Ber, Flavien Bureau, William Lambert, Claire Prada, Arnaud Derode, Alexandre Aubry

Multiple scattering of waves presents challenges for imaging complex media but offers potential for their characterization. Its onset is actually governed by the scattering mean free path ℓ_{s} that provides crucial information on the medium microarchitecture. Here, we introduce a reflection matrix method designed to estimate this parameter from the time decay of the single scattering rate. Our method is first validated by an ultrasound experiment on a tissue-mimicking phantom before being applied in vivo to a human liver. This Letter opens important perspectives for quantitative imaging of heterogeneous media with waves, whether it be for nondestructive testing, biomedical, or geophysical applications.

波的多重散射为复杂介质成像带来了挑战,但也为介质特征描述提供了潜力。多重散射的发生实际上受散射平均自由路径 ℓ_{s} 的控制,它提供了有关介质微结构的重要信息。在此,我们介绍一种反射矩阵方法,旨在通过单次散射率的时间衰减来估算这一参数。我们的方法首先在组织模拟模型上进行超声实验验证,然后再应用于人体肝脏。这封信为异质介质的定量波成像开辟了重要的前景,无论是无损检测、生物医学还是地球物理应用。
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引用次数: 0
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