An overview on advancements in hydrogels for effective wastewater treatment

Hydrogels, three-dimensional networks of polymers with excellent water retention properties, have emerged as adaptable wastewater treatment materials. This mini-review discusses current advances in hydrogel technology. These possess a large surface area, porosity, and functional diversity that enable them to efficiently absorb and eliminate contaminants through a variety of physical and chemical interactions. Hydrogel synthesis innovations, such as free radical polymerisation, ionic gelation, and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), have resulted in the production of hydrogels that are strong, long-lasting, and selective for certain pollutants. The integration of antibacterial agents, surface functionalisation, and the development of composite hydrogels with materials has considerably increased their efficiency. This review also looks at the regenerative and reusable properties of hydrogels, emphasizing their cost-effectiveness and sustainability. By reviewing these achievements, this article aims to provide a thorough knowledge of hydrogel-based technologies and their potential to revolutionize wastewater treatment, providing effective and environmentally friendly solutions for environmental cleanup.