Electromagnetic free convective flow of a radiative, chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid over a moving vertical surface: With effects of porous medium

This research aims to conduct a computational investigation of heat and mass transfer processes in a magnetohydrodynamic flow over a mobile permeable vertical porous plate using a hybrid nanofluid composed of $Ti{O}_2-Cu/water$, including the effects of radiation. The constitutive equations are modified and solved computationally using the $bvp4c$ method. The findings are presented for various parameters, including magnetic field strength, suction/blowing effects, Schmidt number, radiation, nanofluid concentration, Reynolds number, buoyancy ratio, chemical reaction rate, and Prandtl number, which influence flow characteristics, mass transfer, and heat transfer. The improvement in heat transfer efficiency due to thermal radiation indicates its potential practical use in solar panels and water heating systems. Such a kind of system has the potential to help alleviate discomfort and inflammation through thermal therapy, design heating systems, and construct infrared sensing devices, thermal protection systems, and heat shields.