Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences最新文献

Hasnain and Ahmad (2013) propose a two-parameter Exponentiated Moment Exponential (EME) Distribution and investigate its some characteristics. In this paper we study its additional properties in the context of its applications. The study classifies the EME distribution to homogeneous subfamilies with respect to hazard rate. A simulation study is conducted for EME distribution to observe the parameters for maximum likelihood and quartile estimates based on bias and mean square error. Based on EME distribution, we develop a discretized model that gives its importance in the industry. However, some important structural properties are studied for discrete Exponentiated moment exponential distribution with useful characterizations. Shapes of density and failure rate function of new discrete model are studied. Moreover, we provide justifications for the usefulness of the model and its enhanced scope as compared to the existing discretized model with the help of real-life data sets.

Copper oxide-doped lead phosphate glasses following the composition 25PbO-(75-x)P₂O₅-xCuO, where x ≤ 0.1 mol.%, were prepared using conventional melt-quenching technique and comprehensively characterized. The prepared glass samples underwent extensive analysis to determine their physical characteristics, including density, molar volume, packing density, and free volume for each composition. Optical properties were thoroughly investigated, including the optical energy gap, refractive index, permittivity, optical dielectric constant, molar refraction, reflection loss, molar polarizability, and electric susceptibility. The Phy-X/PSD software was used to estimate radiation shielding parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, and related quantities. The effects of varying CuO concentrations on the physical, optical, and radiation shielding characteristics were meticulously examined and discussed. The findings highlight the potential applications of CuO-doped lead phosphate glasses in optics and radiation shielding domains. These glasses show promise for optical and shielding applications based on the results obtained.

Background and objectives

To develop a cross-regional feature fusion model for the classification of cervical tumour subtypes using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we aimed to explore feature representation in both global and local areas, and to compare their effect on predictive performance.

Method and materials

This retrospective study included 100 patients with cervical cancer, approved by the Ethical Review Board Committee. Self-supervised learning-based global features were fused with local features for subtype classification modelling. Global features were extracted from the bottleneck of our 3D autoencoder network, while local features were derived based on a radiomics tool. Utilizing the global and local features, the classification model is based on machine learning algorithms to predict two subtypes with pathologically confirmed cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Comparison performance was accessed using area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and precision.

Result

The cross-regional feature fusion model showed the best performance (accuracy: 0.95 vs 0.65 in the fusion model and global model) by the support vector machines (SVM) classifier. Even when applied to axial slices with various classification methods, the fusion model consistently yields the best results.

Conclusion

Our approach preliminary evidence suggests that the fusion of global and local features provides a significant advantage in the clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer subtypes, warranting further investigation and potential application in cervical cancer diagnosis.

Present attempt explores convective flow of ternary hybrid nanomaterial by a porous space. Convective condition is imposed. Thermal expression is discussed through non-linear radiation, magnetohydrodynamics, heat source and dissipation. Entropy generation rate is calculated. Non-dimensional ordinary expressions are obtained by employing adequate transformation. Convergent series solutions are obtained by employing Optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). Variation of velocity, entropy rate and temperature via influential variable for ternary $\left(F{e}_3{O}_4+\text{Si}{O}_2+A{l}_2{O}_3/H_{2}O\right)$ are graphically examined. Larger magnetic field rises temperature and entropy rate where reverse impact observed regarding velocity. Decay in velocity occurs for suction variable. Entropy rate and thermal field against radiation have same behavior. An increment of thermal field is found for heat generation. Comparison of velocity for base liquid $\left(H_{2}O\right)$, nanoliquid $\left(\text{Si}{O}_2/H_{2}O\right)$, hybrid nanoliquid $\left(F{e}_3{O}_4+\text{Si}{O}_2/H_{2}O\right)$ and ternary hybrid nanoliquid is made. Increasing values of Brinkman number yield to augment entropy rate. Higher magnetic field intensify entropy rate and temperature while decreasing trend holds for liquid motion.

The utilization of Hall current and ion slip in electrically conducting fluids has garnered significant attention, especially in applications like magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation and electrochemical sensors in industrial plasma processes. These phenomena have become key focuses for scientists and engineers seeking innovative solutions to enhance productivity and sustainability in the manufacturing industry. This study investigates the steady three-dimensional flow dynamics of a magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid over an exponentially stretching sheet, influenced by Hall current and ion slip. The analysis incorporates the effects of multiple slips, as well as heat transport in a rotating system, accounting for solar radiation, viscous-Ohmic dissipation, and slip effects. This kind of flow problem has numerous applications across various scientific and engineering fields, including MHD generators, Hall thrusters, thermal energy storage systems, electronic cooling, and spacecraft design. The governing equations are altered into ordinary differential equations which are then solved using Gegenbauer wavelets collocation-based techniques. Moreover, the study reveals that increasing Hall current and ion slip enhances velocity distribution, while the thermal transport rate significantly increases with improved solar radiation.

This study investigates the activities of radionuclides (¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²¹⁴Pb, ^239,240Pu, and ⁴⁰K), carbon isotopes (δ¹³C and ¹⁴C), and grain size compositions in surface bottom sediments across the southern Baltic and Skagerrak Strait. Our findings reveal significant connections between these parameters and their dependence on sediment transport dynamics. The distribution patterns of natural and artificial radionuclides were studied to understand the factors influencing their transport to the deep areas. The results show that ¹³⁷Cs activity in surface bottom sediments (0–5 cm) ranges from 8 to 11 Bq/kg in the Skagerrak area and reaches 220 Bq/kg in the southern Baltic, closer to the vicinity of river discharges. The activity ranges of ^239,240Pu are similar between the study areas, but the mean value at the Skagerrak site is higher at 1.6 Bq/kg. The transport of ²¹⁰Pb_ex to the bottom is mainly dependent on the number of fine particles (0–20 μm) in the water column, while the transport of ¹³⁷Cs primarily driven by scavenging by marine organics from the water column. In the southern Baltic, a strong correlation indicates that a significant share of ¹³⁷Cs most likely originates from fluvial input. The particle size distribution reflects calm conditions in the deep waters, while in the Curonian Lagoon reference areas there are pronounced contrasts between stations with strong and calm hydrodynamic conditions. The δ¹³C values in the surface bottom sediments decrease towards river discharge areas, reflecting an increased terrestrial component of the organic fraction, and the number of coarse particles also increases.

Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS) containing neutron sources such as ²⁴¹Am-Be require careful management due to neutron radiation. However, finding readily available and effective combination layer shielding materials for practical use to safely contain ²⁴¹Am-Be can be challenging. The main objective of this study is to investigate the configuration of shielding materials and determine the maximum activity of ²⁴¹Am-Be sources that can be safely stored in a 200-L drum. A three-layer shielding approach using a 200-L drum as a storage container, with sequential layers of lead (Pb), polyethylene (PE), and ordinary Portland concrete (OPC), achieves the lowest dose rates compared to other combination sequences, as shown by Monte Carlo simulations. With a fixed lead thickness and varying polyethylene and ordinary Portland concrete thicknesses, Monte Carlo simulations using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) demonstrate that this drum design can safely accommodate activities ranging from 22.01 Ci to 72.92 Ci of ²⁴¹Am-Be. The fitted model equation determines the required polyethylene thickness for any activity within this range. Additionally, case-based simulation results indicate that Indonesia's total inventory of ²⁴¹Am-Be DSRS can be stored in three 200-L drums with a polyethylene thickness of 15 cm. This configuration meets international standards, ensuring the dose rate does not exceed 2 mSv/h at the surface and 0.1 mSv/h at 1 m from the drum's surface.

The issue of water scaling in the treatment of cooling water has become an imperative problem that should be solved urgently for the sake of safe operation in large-scale flexible DC converter stations. However, the coexistence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in high content in this sort of pending raw water is quite hard to tackle. β-CD-MA-SSS, an eco-friendly ternary co-polymer antiscalant with good performance of inhibiting the formation of scale, was applied to address this conundrum in this paper. The efficacy of the antiscalant β-CD-MA-SSS was investigated in cooling water systems under the conditions of low hardness, low alkalinity, a temperature not exceeding 80 °C, and a pH range of 6–8. After optimization, this reagent dem onstrated an excellent scale inhibition rate up to 80% for both calcium carbonate and calcium-magnesium mixed scales. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a noticeable reduction in the size of CaCO₃ particles when subjected to the action of β-CD-MA-SSS. It was postulated from FTIR analysis that nanoinpurity and chelation effects mainly contributed to the mixed scale inhibition. Further, the effect of β-CD-MA-SSS on the actual production wastewater was comprehensively evaluated from the technical, economic and environmental aspects.

The entropy generation analysis has great significance in the industrial sectors with heat transmission and fluid flows, for evaluating the irreversibility aspect of a system in heat transfer operations. The numerical simulation of entropy generation and the nanofluid flow across a permeable curved surface subject to cross-diffusion and irregular heat source/sink is reported in the current investigation. The thermodynamics 2nd law is used to simulate the entropy optimization. The flow phenomena are mathematically described by partial differential equations (PDEs), which are derived in a curvilinear coordinate system. The system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) is derived by using the similarity conversion, which is further numerically calculated through the parametric continuation method (PCM) using MATLAB software. The results reveal that the velocity slip and curvature parameters improve the velocity profile whereas the inverse effect is observed against the surface permeability parameter. It can also be noticed that the entropy optimization enhances with the variation in Brinkman number and temperature ratio parameter. The impact of Schmidt number and chemical reaction decline the mass transmission ratio.

Quantification of the uncertainty of distribution functions, by using entropy and extropy, is important in many statistical analyses. Inspired by this, our study uses extropy and several related measures (including the cumulative residual extropy, cumulative past extropy, and extropy-inaccuracy measure) of order statistics (OSs) to offer multiple characterizations of symmetric continuous distributions. We demonstrate that a defining feature of symmetric distributions is the equality of these measures of upper and lower OSs. Using concomitants of OSs based on the bivariate distributions belonging to the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) family, the same characteristic is demonstrated for these measures. Finally, a real data set is used to illustrate the applicability of the suggested test.