Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101222
A. Alameer , Aboulbaba Eladeb , Hawzhen Fateh M. Ameen , Nahid Fatima , Munawar Abbas , Y. Khan , Abdullah A. Faqihi , Maawiya Ould Sidi , Humaira Kanwal , Ahmed M. Galal
This study investigates the combine influence of thermophoresis and electrophoresis particles deposition in radiative flow of trihybrid nanofluids through an extending cylinder. Additionally, the significance of electromagnetic induction, heat generation and heat radiation on the Darcy-Forchheimer flow is also considered. This study examined how thermophoresis and electrophoresis affected the pace at which aerosol particles moved along an expanding cylinder in a Marangoni convective flow. Thermophoretic particle deposition is one of the simplest practices for transporting microscopic particles over a thermal gradient, and it is important for electrical and aero-solution engineering. The effects of the Darcy-Forchheimer flow are incorporated into momentum. A trihybrid nanofluid consisting of silicon dioxide , titanium oxide , cobalt ferrite and water as the based fluid is used. The Bvp4c method is apply to resolve the governing ODEs numerically. As we have observed, the flow distribution is improved and the thermal and solutal fields are reduced with higher values of the Marangoni convection factor. The electrophoretic and thermophoretic parameters cause the solutal field to decline. Heat transfer values increase by of trihybrid nanofluid, when the Marangoni convection parameter is increased from to The study provides insight into the behavior of complex fluid systems and can be useful in designing and optimizing various industrial processes.
{"title":"Estimation of induction effects on electrophoresis and thermophoresis particles deposition in radiative flow of trihybrid nanofluid across cylinder","authors":"A. Alameer , Aboulbaba Eladeb , Hawzhen Fateh M. Ameen , Nahid Fatima , Munawar Abbas , Y. Khan , Abdullah A. Faqihi , Maawiya Ould Sidi , Humaira Kanwal , Ahmed M. Galal","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the combine influence of thermophoresis and electrophoresis particles deposition in radiative flow of trihybrid nanofluids through an extending cylinder. Additionally, the significance of electromagnetic induction, heat generation and heat radiation on the <em>Darcy-Forchheimer flow</em> is also considered. This study examined how thermophoresis and electrophoresis affected the pace at which aerosol particles moved along an expanding cylinder in a Marangoni convective flow. Thermophoretic particle deposition is one of the simplest practices for transporting microscopic particles over a thermal gradient, and it is important for electrical and aero-solution engineering. <em>The effects of the Darcy-Forchheimer flow are incorporated into momentum.</em> A trihybrid nanofluid consisting of silicon dioxide <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mtext>Si</mtext><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, titanium oxide <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mtext>Ti</mtext><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, cobalt ferrite <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mtext>CoF</mtext><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and water as the based fluid is used. The Bvp4c method is apply to resolve the governing ODEs numerically. As we have observed, the flow distribution is improved and the thermal and solutal fields are reduced with higher values of the Marangoni convection factor. The electrophoretic and thermophoretic parameters cause the solutal field to decline. Heat transfer values increase by <span><math><mrow><mn>12.35</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> of trihybrid nanofluid, when the Marangoni convection parameter is increased from <span><math><mrow><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>1.0</mn><mtext>.</mtext></mrow></math></span> The study provides insight into the behavior of complex fluid systems and can be useful in designing and optimizing various industrial processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hybridization of nanoparticles enhances heat transfer, playing a crucial role in the development of advanced thermal insulation materials. These materials find applications across diverse fields, including electronics design, healthcare, environmental remediation, and automotive engineering. In light of this, the current study investigates the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of hybridized and micropolar nanofluids over an extending bidirectional sheet characterized by nonlinear thermal radiation. The boundary heating conditions are based on two types of thermal settings in the energy equation: prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF). The resulting partial differential equations are then converted into ordinary differential equations using specific similarity variables. The mathematical equations are solved using the Chebyshev Collocation Method (CCM). Consequently, a variety of graphs and tables are displayed to deliberate the impact of the emerging parameters on the flow and heat transmission processes. At the end, the analysis reveals that an increase in the temperature gradient is higher in a non-isothermal situation as compared to an isothermal case with growth in the Prandtl number. The material property helps to reduce surface drag and heat transfer, whereas the magnetic field increases the skin friction coefficient.
{"title":"Aspects of heat transfer hybridized micropolar water-based iron oxide and silver nanoparticles across a stretching bidirectional sheet with thermal radiation","authors":"E.O. Fatunmbi , A.M. Obalalu , S.O. Salawu , Umair Khan , Nermeen Abdullah , Samia Elattar , Refka Ghodhbani","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybridization of nanoparticles enhances heat transfer, playing a crucial role in the development of advanced thermal insulation materials. These materials find applications across diverse fields, including electronics design, healthcare, environmental remediation, and automotive engineering. In light of this, the current study investigates the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of hybridized <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> micropolar nanofluids over an extending bidirectional sheet characterized by nonlinear thermal radiation. The boundary heating conditions are based on two types of thermal settings in the energy equation: prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF). The resulting partial differential equations are then converted into ordinary differential equations using specific similarity variables. The mathematical equations are solved using the Chebyshev Collocation Method (CCM). Consequently, a variety of graphs and tables are displayed to deliberate the impact of the emerging parameters on the flow and heat transmission processes. At the end, the analysis reveals that an increase in the temperature gradient is higher in a non-isothermal situation as compared to an isothermal case with growth in the Prandtl number. The material property helps to reduce surface drag and heat transfer, whereas the magnetic field increases the skin friction coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101224
Walat Abdulqader Alhamdi, Azhen Hasan Jarjes, Shayma mohammed Ahmed
This study focuses on the dose assessment of radioactivity in 18 samples of building materials collected from different locations which used in building construction in Duhok City. NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors was used to measure the natural radioactivity of these samples. The dose analysis was conducted using two distinct methods: empirical equations and the RESRAD Build computer code software. The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the samples were found to range from 10.6 ± 0.7 to 25.5 ± 3.1 Bq.kg−1, 6.9 ± 2.0 to 16 ± 2.2 Bq.kg−1, and 32 ± 5.6 to 65 ± 8.1 Bq.kg−1, respectively. The dose assessment results obtained from both methods showed good agreement, with each method having its respective strengths. Importantly, all radiological hazard index for all samples and the dose assessment that was conducted by RESRAD code over a 50 – year period was below the worldwide safety limits. This comprehensive assessment provides valuable insights for ensuring the responsible use of construction materials in building projects across the region.
{"title":"Comparative dose assessment of natural radioactivity in building materials: Empirical equation vs. RESRAD Build computer code","authors":"Walat Abdulqader Alhamdi, Azhen Hasan Jarjes, Shayma mohammed Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the dose assessment of radioactivity in 18 samples of building materials collected from different locations which used in building construction in Duhok City. NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors was used to measure the natural radioactivity of these samples. The dose analysis was conducted using two distinct methods: empirical equations and the RESRAD Build computer code software. The concentrations of <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th and <sup>40</sup>K in the samples were found to range from 10.6 ± 0.7 to 25.5 ± 3.1 Bq.kg<sup>−1</sup>, 6.9 ± 2.0 to 16 ± 2.2 Bq.kg<sup>−1</sup>, and 32 ± 5.6 to 65 ± 8.1 Bq.kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The dose assessment results obtained from both methods showed good agreement, with each method having its respective strengths. Importantly, all radiological hazard index for all samples and the dose assessment that was conducted by RESRAD code over a 50 – year period was below the worldwide safety limits. This comprehensive assessment provides valuable insights for ensuring the responsible use of construction materials in building projects across the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to find the best combined ratio of galena, hematite and limonite in concrete shielding structure against neutron and gamma rays emitted from 18 MeV Linac source in radiation therapy centers. The MCNPX code was used to calculate the linear attenuation coefficient of different concretes for the 18 MeV Linac source. The concrete samples were then produced in a laboratory, and their compressive strength was measured. Then, by comparing the quality factor diagrams that simultaneously express the power of neutron and gamma attenuation and compressive strength, the optimal point for the percentage of different minerals in concrete was identified. The results showed that the used minerals have a high gamma absorption capacity due to their high atomic number and density. It also showed that the neutron attenuation power increases with the increase in the concentration of galena, limonite, hematite in concrete and reaches to its maximum value. And if the concentration of minerals rises above a certain value, the neutron attenuation power of concrete decreases, due to the decrease in the concentration of lighter elements such as hydrogen in the concrete structure, as well as the increase in the probability of secondary neutrons production.
The highest value of QF was obtained for samples containing 40% galena, 50% hematite and 40% limonite, and the highest value of QF/ρ was obtained for samples G30, G40, H50, L30 and L40. This type of concretes can be used to create an effective concrete shield for radiotherapy centers.
{"title":"Optimization concrete shielding composition composed of different minerals for neutron and gamma radiation emitted from 18 MeV Linac using Monte-Carlo simulation","authors":"MortazaviShahroudi SeyyedMohsen , Tavakoli Hassan , Pourimani Reza , Goodarzi Masumeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was conducted to find the best combined ratio of galena, hematite and limonite in concrete shielding structure against neutron and gamma rays emitted from 18 MeV Linac source in radiation therapy centers. The MCNPX code was used to calculate the linear attenuation coefficient of different concretes for the 18 MeV Linac source. The concrete samples were then produced in a laboratory, and their compressive strength was measured. Then, by comparing the quality factor diagrams that simultaneously express the power of neutron and gamma attenuation and compressive strength, the optimal point for the percentage of different minerals in concrete was identified. The results showed that the used minerals have a high gamma absorption capacity due to their high atomic number and density. It also showed that the neutron attenuation power increases with the increase in the concentration of galena, limonite, hematite in concrete and reaches to its maximum value. And if the concentration of minerals rises above a certain value, the neutron attenuation power of concrete decreases, due to the decrease in the concentration of lighter elements such as hydrogen in the concrete structure, as well as the increase in the probability of secondary neutrons production.</div><div>The highest value of QF was obtained for samples containing 40% galena, 50% hematite and 40% limonite, and the highest value of QF/<em>ρ</em> was obtained for samples G<sub>30</sub>, G<sub>40</sub>, H<sub>50</sub>, L<sub>30</sub> and L<sub>40</sub>. This type of concretes can be used to create an effective concrete shield for radiotherapy centers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101214
Entesar H. EL-Araby , Amel Azazi , R. Yajzey , Rym Hassani , Thoraya M. Elhelali
Individuals frequenting beaches are exposed to different levels of radiation exposure. This study aims to assess the levels of radon gas along of the Red Sea beaches, specifically in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. The levels of radioactive contamination were measured using a CR-39 detector. According to the results, the southern Corniche Beach in Jizan had the highest concentration of radon gas at 541.13 ± 34.62 Bq/m3. In Farasan Island, the highest radon concentration was recorded 416.25 ± 30.29 Bq/m3 at Al Qasim Beach. Analysis of annual effective dose data revealed that 9% of measured dose levels exceeded the maximum permissible limit. However, uranium and radium concentrations were found to be within internationally accepted safety thresholds. Most beaches in Jazan and Farasan Island were identified as radiologically safe. However, continuous monitoring of sites with elevated values is recommended to prevent potential increases in radiation levels. This research contributes valuable insights into coastal radiation assessment and preventive measures, enhancing our understanding of environmental radiation exposure in coastal areas.
{"title":"Evaluating radon gas emissions in the Jazan region along the Saudi coast","authors":"Entesar H. EL-Araby , Amel Azazi , R. Yajzey , Rym Hassani , Thoraya M. Elhelali","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals frequenting beaches are exposed to different levels of radiation exposure. This study aims to assess the levels of radon gas along of the Red Sea beaches, specifically in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. The levels of radioactive contamination were measured using a CR-39 detector. According to the results, the southern Corniche Beach in Jizan had the highest concentration of radon gas at 541.13 ± 34.62 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. In Farasan Island, the highest radon concentration was recorded 416.25 ± 30.29 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> at Al Qasim Beach. Analysis of annual effective dose data revealed that 9% of measured dose levels exceeded the maximum permissible limit. However, uranium and radium concentrations were found to be within internationally accepted safety thresholds. Most beaches in Jazan and Farasan Island were identified as radiologically safe. However, continuous monitoring of sites with elevated values is recommended to prevent potential increases in radiation levels. This research contributes valuable insights into coastal radiation assessment and preventive measures, enhancing our understanding of environmental radiation exposure in coastal areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101229
Hani A. Alhadrami , Hossam M. Hassan , Albaraa H. Alhadrami , Mostafa E. Rateb , Ahmed A. Hamed
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have attracted significant attention for their unique physicochemical features and various applications. This study demonstrated the biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs using Aspergillus fungal extract that served as a green and eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using SEM and TEM to determine their morphology, size, and distribution, FTIR to determine functional groups, and Zeta potential to assess their surface charge and stability. An extensive review of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and literature indicated that TiO2 could target various cancer-relevant matrix metalloproteinases. In vitro screening indicated promising anticancer effects against the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. To investigate the possible mode of action of TiO2 NPs as an anticancer agent, human matrix metalloproteinase-3 was highlighted as a protein inhibited by metallic ions like PtCl2. Therefore, we investigated whether TiO2 could similarly interact with the active site of MMP-3. We hypothesized that TiO2 could interact with the MMP-3 active site and replace PtCl2 with modelled TiO2 in its co-crystallized binding site. A 100 ns-long MDS, binding free energy (ΔGBinding) of PtCl2 and TiO2 within MMP-3 binding site indicated that TiO2's enhanced binding affinity and stability, as evidenced by a ΔGBinding of −7.23 kcal/mol and average RMSD of 0.89 Å, compared to PtCl2's lower affinity. In conclusion, endophytic fungi can be used efficiently in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Our study indicated TiO2 NPs have a potential anticancer effect, suggesting TiO2 binds to MMP3, potentially offering comparable inhibitory effects on the enzyme's activity.
{"title":"Green synthesis and anticancer activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.","authors":"Hani A. Alhadrami , Hossam M. Hassan , Albaraa H. Alhadrami , Mostafa E. Rateb , Ahmed A. Hamed","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) have attracted significant attention for their unique physicochemical features and various applications. This study demonstrated the biosynthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs using <em>Aspergillus</em> fungal extract that served as a green and eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using SEM and TEM to determine their morphology, size, and distribution, FTIR to determine functional groups, and Zeta potential to assess their surface charge and stability. An extensive review of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and literature indicated that TiO<sub>2</sub> could target various cancer-relevant matrix metalloproteinases. In vitro screening indicated promising anticancer effects against the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. To investigate the possible mode of action of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs as an anticancer agent, human matrix metalloproteinase-3 was highlighted as a protein inhibited by metallic ions like PtCl<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, we investigated whether TiO<sub>2</sub> could similarly interact with the active site of MMP-3. We hypothesized that TiO<sub>2</sub> could interact with the MMP-3 active site and replace PtCl<sub>2</sub> with modelled TiO<sub>2</sub> in its co-crystallized binding site. A 100 ns-long MDS, binding free energy (ΔGBinding) of PtCl<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> within MMP-3 binding site indicated that TiO<sub>2</sub>'s enhanced binding affinity and stability, as evidenced by a ΔGBinding of −7.23 kcal/mol and average RMSD of 0.89 Å, compared to PtCl<sub>2</sub>'s lower affinity. In conclusion, endophytic fungi can be used efficiently in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Our study indicated TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs have a potential anticancer effect, suggesting TiO<sub>2</sub> binds to MMP3, potentially offering comparable inhibitory effects on the enzyme's activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101199
Zheng Feng, Zhouzhan Luo
<div><div>This work aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) ribonucleic acid (RNA) nanoparticles (NPs) in the therapy of cervical cancer (CC) using ultrasound elastography imaging. Using poly(β-amino esters) (PBAE), CRISPR RNA NPs encapsulating Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E7, namely Poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE)/CRISPR16E7-GFP and PBAE/shRNA-16E7, were prepared. The characterization of these NPs was conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser diffraction particle size analysis. The cytotoxicity of PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP and PBAE/shRNA-16E7 NPs on CC cell lines SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Sixty female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were rolled into six groups randomlyas follows: the blank Ctrl group (Group A, no treatment), the model group (Group B, CC model), the pSpCas9-GFP plasmid group (Group C, CC model + pSpCas9-GFP), the PBAE/CRISPR-16E7 group (Group D, CC model + PBAE/CRISPR-16E7), the pSIREN-U6-shRNA-CMV-iRFP plasmid group (Group E, CC model + pSIREN-U6-shRNA-CMV-iRFP), and the PBAE/shRNA-16E7 group (Group F, CC model + PBAE/shRNA-16E7), each consisting of 10 rats. The impact of NPs on the expression levels (ELs) of HPV16E7 and RB1 proteins in tumor tissues was assessed using Western Blot (WB) analysis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography imaging was employed to analyze the strain ratio (SR) and shear wave velocity (SWV) in lesions of various rat groups. The results indicated that the PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP NPs exhibited a particle size of 125.64 ± 7.8 nm, a zeta potential of 19.17 ± 3.61 mV, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.281 ± 0.03. These NPs demonstrated a regular spherical structure with a compact morphology. The PBAE/shRNA-16E7 NPs displayed a particle size of 112.93 ± 9.1 nm, a zeta potential of 13.54 ± 1.39 mV, and a PDI of 0.185 ± 0.03. They exhibited a uniform distribution of spherical shape with regularity in size. The plasmids within PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP and PBAE/shRNA-16E7 NPs exhibited distinct trends of burst and sustained release. The viability of SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki cells remained unaffected by PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP NPs. At various mass ratios, neglectable differences (<em>P</em> > 0.05) were observed in cell viability of SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki cells treated with PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP and PBAE/shRNA-16E7 NPs relative to Ctrl group. Relative to Group B, both Groups C and E exhibited a drastic decrease in tumor volume, tumor mass, and HPV16E7 protein ELs (<em>P</em> < 0.05), whereas Groups D and F showed a notably greater reduction in tumor volume, tumor mass, and HPV16E7 protein ELs (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The HPV16E7 protein ELs, SR, and SWV values greatly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) in tumors of Group B rats while the EL of RB1 protein notably decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) versus Group A. Groups C and E demonstrated elevated HPV16E7 ELs, SR, and SWV values (<em>P</em>
{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of CRISPR RNA nanoparticles on cervical cancer disease using ultrasound elastography imaging","authors":"Zheng Feng, Zhouzhan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) ribonucleic acid (RNA) nanoparticles (NPs) in the therapy of cervical cancer (CC) using ultrasound elastography imaging. Using poly(β-amino esters) (PBAE), CRISPR RNA NPs encapsulating Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E7, namely Poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE)/CRISPR16E7-GFP and PBAE/shRNA-16E7, were prepared. The characterization of these NPs was conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser diffraction particle size analysis. The cytotoxicity of PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP and PBAE/shRNA-16E7 NPs on CC cell lines SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Sixty female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were rolled into six groups randomlyas follows: the blank Ctrl group (Group A, no treatment), the model group (Group B, CC model), the pSpCas9-GFP plasmid group (Group C, CC model + pSpCas9-GFP), the PBAE/CRISPR-16E7 group (Group D, CC model + PBAE/CRISPR-16E7), the pSIREN-U6-shRNA-CMV-iRFP plasmid group (Group E, CC model + pSIREN-U6-shRNA-CMV-iRFP), and the PBAE/shRNA-16E7 group (Group F, CC model + PBAE/shRNA-16E7), each consisting of 10 rats. The impact of NPs on the expression levels (ELs) of HPV16E7 and RB1 proteins in tumor tissues was assessed using Western Blot (WB) analysis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography imaging was employed to analyze the strain ratio (SR) and shear wave velocity (SWV) in lesions of various rat groups. The results indicated that the PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP NPs exhibited a particle size of 125.64 ± 7.8 nm, a zeta potential of 19.17 ± 3.61 mV, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.281 ± 0.03. These NPs demonstrated a regular spherical structure with a compact morphology. The PBAE/shRNA-16E7 NPs displayed a particle size of 112.93 ± 9.1 nm, a zeta potential of 13.54 ± 1.39 mV, and a PDI of 0.185 ± 0.03. They exhibited a uniform distribution of spherical shape with regularity in size. The plasmids within PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP and PBAE/shRNA-16E7 NPs exhibited distinct trends of burst and sustained release. The viability of SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki cells remained unaffected by PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP NPs. At various mass ratios, neglectable differences (<em>P</em> > 0.05) were observed in cell viability of SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki cells treated with PBAE/CRISPR16E7-GFP and PBAE/shRNA-16E7 NPs relative to Ctrl group. Relative to Group B, both Groups C and E exhibited a drastic decrease in tumor volume, tumor mass, and HPV16E7 protein ELs (<em>P</em> < 0.05), whereas Groups D and F showed a notably greater reduction in tumor volume, tumor mass, and HPV16E7 protein ELs (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The HPV16E7 protein ELs, SR, and SWV values greatly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) in tumors of Group B rats while the EL of RB1 protein notably decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) versus Group A. Groups C and E demonstrated elevated HPV16E7 ELs, SR, and SWV values (<em>P</em> ","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101203
Raizulnasuha Ab Rashid , Noor Nabilah Talik Sisin , Khairunisak Abdul Razak , Moshi Geso , Hiroaki Akasaka , Ryohei Sasaki , Takahiro Tominaga , Hayato Miura , Masashi Nishi , Aml Aied Almutery , Wan Nordiana Rahman
Combining therapy and radiosensitizer depicted a promising future for cancer patients. This study evaluating on the radiosensitization effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for proton beam therapy using different radiobiological cell survival models. Human colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116) were used with 1.9 nm AuNPs and irradiated by different doses of a 150 MeV proton beam within the Spread-out Bragg Peak (SOBP) region. Clonogenic assay were used to obtain cell survival data which then be fitted to Linear Quadratic (LQ), Multi-target (MT), Repairable Conditionally Repairable (RCR), Pade’ Linear Quadratic (PLQ), Kavanagh-Newman (KN), and Two Components (2C). The cellular uptake, localization, cytotoxicity and ROS measurement study were also conducted. The results show internalization of AuNPs manifested with the increase granulation of cells presented by side scattering (SSC) result of 7.3% compared to control. AuNPs were seen localized in the cytoplasm, yet no traces in nucleus area. Evaluation on the radiosensitization effects depicted sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of 3.78 with LQ model, while other models also indicate similar increment of SER but less goodness of fit with the experimental data. The percentage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by AuNPs are found to be around 234% which is double compared to control. In conclusion, the cell survival analysis with different radiobiological models shows radiosensitization effects by AuNPs when irradiated with proton beam. The evidence is also supported by the ROS data and the analysis of the model's parameter that could also be used to predict and quantify radiosensitization effects.
{"title":"Cell survival analysis of radiosensitization effects by gold nanoparticles for proton beam therapy","authors":"Raizulnasuha Ab Rashid , Noor Nabilah Talik Sisin , Khairunisak Abdul Razak , Moshi Geso , Hiroaki Akasaka , Ryohei Sasaki , Takahiro Tominaga , Hayato Miura , Masashi Nishi , Aml Aied Almutery , Wan Nordiana Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combining therapy and radiosensitizer depicted a promising future for cancer patients. This study evaluating on the radiosensitization effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for proton beam therapy using different radiobiological cell survival models. Human colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116) were used with 1.9 nm AuNPs and irradiated by different doses of a 150 MeV proton beam within the Spread-out Bragg Peak (SOBP) region. Clonogenic assay were used to obtain cell survival data which then be fitted to Linear Quadratic (LQ), Multi-target (MT), Repairable Conditionally Repairable (RCR), Pade’ Linear Quadratic (PLQ), Kavanagh-Newman (KN), and Two Components (2C). The cellular uptake, localization, cytotoxicity and ROS measurement study were also conducted. The results show internalization of AuNPs manifested with the increase granulation of cells presented by side scattering (SSC) result of 7.3% compared to control. AuNPs were seen localized in the cytoplasm, yet no traces in nucleus area. Evaluation on the radiosensitization effects depicted sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of 3.78 with LQ model, while other models also indicate similar increment of SER but less goodness of fit with the experimental data. The percentage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by AuNPs are found to be around 234% which is double compared to control. In conclusion, the cell survival analysis with different radiobiological models shows radiosensitization effects by AuNPs when irradiated with proton beam. The evidence is also supported by the ROS data and the analysis of the model's parameter that could also be used to predict and quantify radiosensitization effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101216
Shabbir Ahmad , Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos , Kashif Ali , Hafiz Humais Sultan , Moin-ud-Din Junjua , Farhan Lafta Rashid , Yashar Aryanfar , Tamer M. Khalaf , Ahmed S. Hendy
Vortices play a pivotal role in fluid dynamics by enhancing fluid mixing and mass transport, making them crucial for numerous applications. Hybrid nanofluids, combining two types of nanoparticles, offer superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer compared to conventional nanofluids. This study examines the influence of localized magnetic fields on vortex dynamics in a micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow within a vertically oriented cavity, driven by moving horizontal lids along the +ve axis. Magnetic field strips are applied horizontally and vertically to control flow behavior. Using MATLAB-based algorithms and the finite difference method, we solve the governing equations of flow and heat transfer. Key parameters, including magnetic field strength, nanoparticle volume fraction, and Reynolds number, are analyzed for their effects on flow structures and temperature profiles. Results indicate that the magnetic field reduces microrotation and enhances laminar flow, influencing stress distribution and temperature gradients. These insights are valuable for optimizing microfluidic devices, heat exchangers, and drug delivery systems, where control over flow dynamics and temperature is essential.
{"title":"Optimizing thermal management with micropolar hybrid nanofluids in spatially dependent magnetic fields","authors":"Shabbir Ahmad , Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos , Kashif Ali , Hafiz Humais Sultan , Moin-ud-Din Junjua , Farhan Lafta Rashid , Yashar Aryanfar , Tamer M. Khalaf , Ahmed S. Hendy","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vortices play a pivotal role in fluid dynamics by enhancing fluid mixing and mass transport, making them crucial for numerous applications. Hybrid nanofluids, combining two types of nanoparticles, offer superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer compared to conventional nanofluids. This study examines the influence of localized magnetic fields on vortex dynamics in a micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow within a vertically oriented cavity, driven by moving horizontal lids along the +ve axis. Magnetic field strips are applied horizontally and vertically to control flow behavior. Using MATLAB-based algorithms and the finite difference method, we solve the governing equations of flow and heat transfer. Key parameters, including magnetic field strength, nanoparticle volume fraction, and Reynolds number, are analyzed for their effects on flow structures and temperature profiles. Results indicate that the magnetic field reduces microrotation and enhances laminar flow, influencing stress distribution and temperature gradients. These insights are valuable for optimizing microfluidic devices, heat exchangers, and drug delivery systems, where control over flow dynamics and temperature is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101188
Refah Alotaibi , Mazen Nassar , Zareen A. Khan , Wejdan Ali Alajlan , Ahmed Elshahhat
The evaluation of the reliability function in the context of the competing risk model is the main objective of this study. Following this objective, this article analyzes different competing risk datasets: (1) thirty-six small electrical appliances subjected to independent testing based on eighteen different modes, and (2) seventy-seven male mice (aged 35–42 days) exposed to 300 X-ray radiation. Employing adaptive progressively Type-II censored data, various estimation problems are explored where the parent distribution is considered to be the XGamma distribution. In addition to the reliability function, point and interval estimates of the model parameters are assessed from both classical and Bayesian standpoints. The classical maximum likelihood approach is employed to get approximate confidence intervals in addition to the classical point estimates. The Bayesian estimates with the squared error loss function are discussed, and the highest posterior density intervals are acquired. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is utilized to obtain the Bayesian estimates and the corresponding interval ranges. Utilizing numerous experimental designs, extensive Monte Carlo simulation trials are conducted to figure out the effectiveness of the stated methodologies. The analysis demonstrated that the XGamma model is suitable for analyzing the specified data. Furthermore, it is noted that the Bayesian estimation method yields more accurate estimates, both point and interval, for reliability and model parameters.
本研究的主要目的是评估竞争风险模型中的可靠性函数。根据这一目标，本文分析了不同的竞争风险数据集：(1) 根据十八种不同模式进行独立测试的三十六种小型电器，以及 (2) 暴露于 300 X 射线辐射的七十七只雄性小鼠（年龄为 35-42 天）。采用自适应渐进式 II 型删减数据，探讨了各种估计问题，其中母分布被认为是 XGamma 分布。除了可靠性函数外，还从经典和贝叶斯的角度对模型参数的点估计和区间估计进行了评估。除了经典的点估计外，还采用了经典的最大似然法来获得近似置信区间。讨论了具有平方误差损失函数的贝叶斯估计，并获得了最高后验密度区间。利用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛方法获得贝叶斯估计值和相应的区间范围。利用大量实验设计，进行了广泛的蒙特卡罗模拟试验，以确定所述方法的有效性。分析表明，XGamma 模型适用于分析特定数据。此外，还注意到贝叶斯估计法对可靠性和模型参数的点和区间估计更为精确。
{"title":"Analysis and data modelling of electrical appliances and radiation dose from an adaptive progressive censored XGamma competing risk model","authors":"Refah Alotaibi , Mazen Nassar , Zareen A. Khan , Wejdan Ali Alajlan , Ahmed Elshahhat","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evaluation of the reliability function in the context of the competing risk model is the main objective of this study. Following this objective, this article analyzes different competing risk datasets: (1) thirty-six small electrical appliances subjected to independent testing based on eighteen different modes, and (2) seventy-seven male mice (aged 35–42 days) exposed to 300 X-ray radiation. Employing adaptive progressively Type-II censored data, various estimation problems are explored where the parent distribution is considered to be the XGamma distribution. In addition to the reliability function, point and interval estimates of the model parameters are assessed from both classical and Bayesian standpoints. The classical maximum likelihood approach is employed to get approximate confidence intervals in addition to the classical point estimates. The Bayesian estimates with the squared error loss function are discussed, and the highest posterior density intervals are acquired. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is utilized to obtain the Bayesian estimates and the corresponding interval ranges. Utilizing numerous experimental designs, extensive Monte Carlo simulation trials are conducted to figure out the effectiveness of the stated methodologies. The analysis demonstrated that the XGamma model is suitable for analyzing the specified data. Furthermore, it is noted that the Bayesian estimation method yields more accurate estimates, both point and interval, for reliability and model parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 101188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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