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The impact of radiologists’ characteristics on the detection of COVID-19 in chest CT scans 放射科医生的特点对胸部 CT 扫描中 COVID-19 检测结果的影响
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101170
Abdulaziz S. Alshabibi , Moayyad E. Suleiman , Sultan F. Alhujaili , Salman M. Albeshan , Patrick C. Brennan

Purpose

To retrospectively assess the relationships between radiologists’ characteristics and their performance in interpreting chest CTs for COVID-19 detection.

Methods

Using DetectedX software, performance data were collected online from 74 radiologists from 29 countries, who each interpreted 30 anonymized digital chest CTs (15 positive and 15 negative scans for COVID-19). Radiologist-specific information was also collected: radiology experience, radiological specialty, number of lung CTs read weekly, familiarity with and education about COVID-19 presentation, and suspected COVID-19 cases seen weekly. The influence of this radiologist-specific information on the radiologists’ sensitivity, specificity, and ROC AUC was determined using regression analysis.

Results

Radiologists without respiratory imaging specialization had greater ROC AUCs (0.83 vs. 0.70, p = .006) and sensitivities (74.0% vs. 47.7%, p = .002) than their specialized peers. Radiologists without COVID-19 case encounters had greater sensitivity (80.6% vs. 63.1%, p = .017) but lower specificity (71.1% vs. 83.4%, p = .014) than those who encountered at least one case weekly.

Conclusion

Specialization and prior experience with COVID-19 may impact the interpretation of suspected COVID-19 chest CTs.

Clinical significance

These results show the importance of diverse expertise and continuous training in managing novel diseases like COVID-19. Incorporating varied perspectives and experiences could enhance diagnostic accuracy and ensure a more comprehensive approach to disease management. In the case of novel diseases, specialization may not provide the same advantage as with more familiar disorders. The diagnostic value of specific experience with a novel disorder may help to compensate for a lack of specialization in the field, particularly in emergent situations. While specialization is important, generalization also holds value and utility in appropriate contexts.
方法使用 DetectedX 软件在线收集来自 29 个国家的 74 名放射科医生的绩效数据,他们每人负责解读 30 份匿名数字胸部 CT(15 份 COVID-19 阳性扫描和 15 份阴性扫描)。此外,还收集了放射科医生的特定信息:放射科经验、放射科专业、每周阅读的肺部 CT 数量、对 COVID-19 表现的熟悉程度和教育程度以及每周接诊的疑似 COVID-19 病例。结果没有呼吸成像专业背景的放射科医生的 ROC AUCs(0.83 vs. 0.70,p = .006)和敏感性(74.0% vs. 47.7%,p = .002)均高于其专业同行。与每周至少遇到一个病例的放射科医生相比,没有遇到过 COVID-19 病例的放射科医生的敏感性更高(80.6% 对 63.1%,p = .017),但特异性较低(71.1% 对 83.4%,p = .014)。临床意义这些结果表明,在处理 COVID-19 等新型疾病时,多样化的专业知识和持续培训非常重要。纳入不同的观点和经验可提高诊断的准确性,并确保采用更全面的方法进行疾病管理。就新型疾病而言,专业化可能无法提供与更熟悉的疾病相同的优势。对新型疾病的特定经验所具有的诊断价值可能有助于弥补该领域专业化程度的不足,尤其是在紧急情况下。专业化固然重要,但在适当的情况下,概括化也有其价值和作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of thermal radiation on TiO2-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid: A finite difference discretization 热辐射对 TiO2-Cu/ 水混合纳米流体的影响:有限差分离散化
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101173
J. Manigandan , D. Iranian , Aisha M. Alqahtani , Ilyas Khan , Mohsen Bakouri , Manahil A.M. Ashmaig
This article aims to discover the double diffusive convection in TiO2-Cu/Water hybrid nanofluid. The impacts of heat generation and chemical reactions are also considered in the presence of a magnetic field. A collection of hybrid nanofluids of titanium oxide (TiO2) and copper (Cu) with a nanoparticle volume fraction (ϕ) of size equal to 0.05 is taken. The governing equations of the infinite vertical plate flow model, the non-dimensional governing equations, were solved by the explicit finite difference approach of the Dufort-Frankel method, which is employed numerically in MATLAB. To illustrate the main features of the solution, numerical calculators and graphs are used to illustrate the characteristics of fluid stream velocity, heat, and mass transfer under dissimilar parametric values. The primary findings and significance of this study indicates that Skin friction increases with increasing values of mass Grashof number, thermal Grashof number, and thermal radiation, while its intensifications decline with increasing values of magnetic field and Schmidt number. This study also discusses the limitations and challenges of utilizing hybrid nanofluids in practical applications, providing valuable insights for effective decision-making.
本文旨在发现 TiO2-Cu/Water 混合纳米流体中的双重扩散对流。文章还考虑了磁场存在时的发热和化学反应的影响。研究收集了纳米粒子体积分数(j)等于 0.05 的氧化钛(TiO2)和铜(Cu)混合纳米流体。采用 Dufort-Frankel 方法的显式有限差分法求解了无限垂直板流模型的控制方程,即非维控制方程,并在 MATLAB 中进行了数值计算。为了说明求解的主要特征,使用数值计算器和图表说明了不同参数值下的流体流速、传热和传质特征。本研究的主要发现和意义在于,随着质量格拉肖夫数、热格拉肖夫数和热辐射值的增加,皮肤摩擦会增加,而随着磁场和施密特数的增加,其强度会下降。本研究还讨论了在实际应用中使用混合纳米流体的局限性和挑战,为有效决策提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Coronary computed tomographic angiography predicts crossing through chronic total occlusion within three guidewires 冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影可预测三根导丝内慢性全闭塞的穿越情况
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101166
Anxiaonan Zhang , Xiaogang Li , Jianhua Zhang , Zhenguo Wang , Yu Sun , Qiuyue Jin , Rongrong Zhang , Hongrui You , Libo Zhang , Benqiang Yang

Background

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a valuable non-invasive method for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, especially providing important clinical decision-making basis for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO). However, there is no data to discuss whether CCTA can predict the success rate of crossing through occlusive lesions within 3 guidewires.

Objective

The aim of this study was to establish a scoring model based on CCTA images to predict the success rate of CTO-PCI within 3 guidewires for grading treatment difficulty.

Methods

Data including 267 CTO lesions in 252 patients with pre-procedural CCTA were analyzed. Successfully crossing through the lesion within 3 guidewires was set as a new endpoint to eliminate operator bias and estimate surgical costs. The Guidewires of CTO (GW-CTO) score was determined by assigning an appropriate integer point for each independent predictor of this endpoint and summing all points accrued.

Results

72.3% reached the new endpoint. We identified 5 predictors. Including blunt proximal stump, both proximal and distal branches, occluded segmental curvature>45°, length of occlusion20 mm, and calcified plaque burden0.125. With the GW-CTO score rising from 0 to 5, the success rate dropped from 98.83% to 12.50%. The CTO-PCI difficulty was stratified into three grades: easy (0–1), intermediate (2–3), and difficult (4–5). The GW-CTO score yielded good predictive results, with an area under receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.87.

Conclusion

This model is very novel and presents a new perspective to predict the probability of successfully passing through CTO lesions within 3 guidewires. This may help grade the difficulty of CTO-PCI and determining the cost efficiency.
背景冠状动脉计算机断层扫描(CCTA)是诊断和治疗冠状动脉疾病的重要无创方法,尤其是为慢性全闭塞(CTO)的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)提供重要的临床决策依据。本研究旨在建立一个基于 CCTA 图像的评分模型,以预测 CTO-PCI 在 3 根导丝范围内的成功率,并对治疗难度进行分级。为了消除操作者的偏差并估算手术费用,将在 3 根导丝内成功穿越病变部位设为新的终点。通过为该终点的每个独立预测因素分配一个适当的整数点,并将所有累积点数相加,确定了导丝CTO(GW-CTO)得分。我们确定了 5 个预测因子。包括钝性近端残端、近端和远端分支、闭塞段曲率>45°、闭塞长度≥20 mm、钙化斑块负荷≥0.125。随着 GW-CTO 评分从 0 升至 5,成功率从 98.83% 降至 12.50%。CTO-PCI 难度分为三个等级:容易(0-1)、中等(2-3)和困难(4-5)。该模型非常新颖,为预测 3 根导丝成功通过 CTO 病变的概率提供了新的视角。这可能有助于分级 CTO-PCI 的难度和确定成本效益。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of clavicle fracture after martial arts training based on 3D segmentation and multi-perspective fusion 基于三维分割和多视角融合的武术训练后锁骨骨折检测
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101164
Guochang Liu , Yuedan Wu , Zujun Zhang , Zheng Wang
To improve the diagnosis efficiency of clavicle fractures, a Diagnosis Model of Clavicle Fracture Based on 3D Segmentation and Multi Perspective Fusion (3Ds MPF) is proposed in the experiment. By performing 3D segmentation on clavicle images, key layer images are extracted, and multi-perspective image data are fused and output to achieve accurate classification and diagnosis results. The results show that on the relevant dataset, the loss function value of the constructed model is less than 0.01, and the calculation accuracy is as high as 0.999. The average classification accuracy in actual use exceeds 90%, and it can capture the majority of fracture features in clavicle computed tomography images. The above results indicate that the model constructed by the research institute can significantly improve the judgment efficiency of computed tomography images, which helps to enhance the detection and diagnosis of clinical fracture conditions. The experimental results have helped improve the clinical diagnostic efficiency of fracture detection work.
为提高锁骨骨折的诊断效率,本实验提出了一种基于三维分割和多视角融合的锁骨骨折诊断模型(3Ds MPF)。通过对锁骨图像进行三维分割,提取关键层图像,并融合输出多视角图像数据,从而获得准确的分类和诊断结果。结果表明,在相关数据集上,所建模型的损失函数值小于 0.01,计算精度高达 0.999。实际使用中的平均分类准确率超过 90%,能捕捉到锁骨计算机断层扫描图像中的大部分骨折特征。以上结果表明,该研究所构建的模型能显著提高计算机断层扫描图像的判断效率,有助于提高临床骨折病症的检测和诊断水平。实验结果有助于提高骨折检测工作的临床诊断效率。
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引用次数: 0
Application of ultrasonic imaging technology in beef cattle breeding management 超声波成像技术在肉牛饲养管理中的应用
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101167
Lede Su , Suhebateer Tomed , Otgonjargal Sambuu , Xiunan Li , Hui Bai , P. Erdenetogtokh , Yanyan Yang

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore in depth the application of ultrasonic imaging technology in beef cattle reproduction management in order to improve the efficiency and management of beef cattle reproduction.

Methods

In this study, ultrasonographic diagnostic techniques were used to follow up the follicles and corpus luteum in the uterus and ovaries of dairy cows at different stages of development as well as at different periods of gestation of dairy cows, and to detect the effects of different fattening conditions of the cows and the number of litters on the sitting rate.

Results

The diameter of mature follicles was generally around 16 mm, and the majority of them were 11–20 mm in diameter. Ultrasonography was used to detect early pregnancy in cows at 33–55 d. Ultrasound was used to identify the sex of the foetus most easily at 70–80 d. The results of this study showed that the sex of the foetus was most easily identified in cows at 70–80 d. The fat of the cow and the number of births also had a significant impact on pregnancy rates.

Conclusion

Ultrasound imaging technology has an important application value in the management of beef cattle reproduction, and in pregnancy detection, it can achieve early and accurate diagnosis, improve the accuracy of detection, and differentiate between heifers in estrus and pregnant heifers. In addition, it can also be used for foetal sex identification at a specific period of time, providing a basis for breeding programmes.
目的 本研究旨在深入探讨超声波成像技术在肉牛繁殖管理中的应用,以提高肉牛繁殖的效率和管理水平。方法本研究采用超声诊断技术对奶牛不同发育阶段以及不同妊娠期子宫和卵巢中的卵泡和黄体进行跟踪检测,并检测奶牛不同育肥条件和产仔数对坐胎率的影响。研究结果表明,奶牛的膘情和产仔数对妊娠率也有显著影响。结论超声波成像技术在肉牛繁殖管理中具有重要的应用价值,在妊娠检测中,可以实现早期准确诊断,提高检测的准确性,区分发情母牛和妊娠母牛。此外,它还可用于特定时期的胎儿性别鉴定,为育种计划提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Application of resistance exercise training combined with CT image evaluation in postoperative functional rehabilitation and fracture risk prediction of elderly femurs 阻力运动训练结合 CT 图像评估在老年股骨术后功能康复和骨折风险预测中的应用
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101159
Geng Chen , Guochang Liu , Yuedan Wu , Yongmiao Sun

Objective

To evaluate the overall functional recovery of femoral patients, improve recovery ability, and prevent fractures in the elderly.

Methods

A group of elderly femoral postoperative participants were selected and randomly divided into resistance exercise training and routine rehabilitation training. Simultaneously, a control group (without a history of fractures) and a fracture group (with a history of fractures) were designed to predict fracture risk. Finally, computerized tomography was used to evaluate the functional rehabilitation status.

Results

The resistance exercise training group showed significantly better performance in functional rehabilitation and fracture risk prediction than the control group, and the decrease in Barthel index at 12 weeks after surgery in this group was 6.25 (P > 0.001). The age, gender, and volumetric bone density between the control group and the fracture group showed P > 0.001, and the differences were statistically significant. The average age of the control group was significantly higher than that of the fracture group, and the proportion of males in the fracture group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The intramuscular fat content of the iliopsoas muscle in the fracture group was significantly lower than that in the control group, P = 0.004. This indicated that lower intramuscular fat content of the iliopsoas muscle was associated with higher fracture risk, as participants with lower intramuscular fat content of the iliopsoas muscle had less bone protection, resulting in an increased risk of fracture. The difference in body mass index between the two groups was not statistically significant, P = 0.737, indicating that the impact of this parameter on fracture risk was not significant in this study.

Conclusion

Resistance exercise training combined with CT image evaluation is an effective rehabilitation strategy with high clinical application value. This study provides reliable empirical evidence for the application of resistance exercise training and the combination of CT image evaluation, and provides guidance for the optimization of clinical rehabilitation strategies.
方法 选择一组股骨术后老年患者,将其随机分为抗阻运动训练组和常规康复训练组。同时,设计了对照组(无骨折史)和骨折组(有骨折史),以预测骨折风险。结果 阻力运动训练组在功能康复和骨折风险预测方面的表现明显优于对照组,该组术后 12 周的 Barthel 指数下降了 6.25(P> 0.001)。对照组与骨折组在年龄、性别、容积骨密度方面的差异均为 P >0.001,具有统计学意义。对照组平均年龄明显高于骨折组,骨折组男性比例明显高于对照组。骨折组髂腰肌的肌内脂肪含量明显低于对照组,P = 0.004。这表明,髂腰肌肌内脂肪含量较低与骨折风险较高有关,因为髂腰肌肌内脂肪含量较低的参与者的骨保护能力较弱,导致骨折风险增加。两组间体重指数差异无统计学意义(P = 0.737),表明该参数对骨折风险的影响在本研究中并不显著。本研究为阻力运动训练与 CT 图像评估相结合的应用提供了可靠的实证依据,为临床康复策略的优化提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing non-similar analysis for chemically reactive magnetized Sutterby bidirectional fluid flow capturing features of non-linear thermal radiation 捕捉非线性热辐射特征的化学反应磁化萨特比双向流体流动的非相似分析特征
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101152
Waqar Azeem Khan , Zubair Hussain , Neyara Radwan , Mehboob Ali , Nargis Jamal
In the field of engineering, manufacturing industry, biologically-inspired propulsion systems, augmenting conventional fluid heat-transfer, moisture and drying the chemical reactions are getting the utmost importance. In the last few decades, the study of non-linear materials has attracted a lot of attention in the realm of science. These fluids have importance in food industry, plastic thawing, material processing, pharmaceutical goods, polymeric liquids, biochemical engineering, toxic, nuclear plants, furthermore the mechanical applications, and polymeric liquids promote the investigation of these fluids. The characteristics of three-dimensional Sutterby fluid flow on a bidirectional expansion surface in the context of heterogeneous homogeneous processes have been explored in the current research article. Here in this work, we used an improved heterogeneous homogeneous reactions model with the same diffusion of the reactant and autocatalytic. In addition, heat transfer analysis is performed in the existence of non-linear thermal radiation and convective boundary conditions. By using a suitable similarity approach we reduced the introduced basic non-linear problem in to a self-similar form. Subsequently, the extended non-linear problem was systematically handled employing the BVP4C approach. We also investigated the influence of the related physical parameters on the profiles of concentration and temperature. The graphs demonstrate how a rise in the homogeneous process parameter causes the concentration distribution to drop concurrently with an increase predicated on the Schmidt number. Furthermore, the estimates of the Prandtl number are observed to grow with the rate of surface heat transfer.
在工程和制造业领域,生物推进系统、增强传统流体传热、湿度和化学反应干燥等问题正变得越来越重要。在过去几十年里,非线性材料的研究在科学领域引起了广泛关注。这些流体在食品工业、塑料解冻、材料加工、医药品、聚合液体、生化工程、有毒物质、核电厂以及机械应用中都具有重要意义,而聚合液体则促进了对这些流体的研究。本研究文章探讨了在异质均质过程中双向膨胀表面上的三维萨特比流体流动特性。在这项工作中,我们使用了一个改进的异质均相反应模型,反应物的扩散和自催化相同。此外,还在存在非线性热辐射和对流边界条件的情况下进行了传热分析。通过使用适当的相似性方法,我们将引入的基本非线性问题简化为自相似形式。随后,我们采用 BVP4C 方法系统地处理了扩展非线性问题。我们还研究了相关物理参数对浓度和温度曲线的影响。图表说明了均质过程参数的上升如何导致浓度分布下降,同时根据施密特数预测的浓度分布上升。此外,还观察到普朗特数的估计值随着表面传热速率的增加而增加。
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引用次数: 0
Radiation shielding and energy absorption parameters of SiO2–Na2O–Al2O3- CaO-CaF2 silicate glasses SiO2-Na2O-Al2O3- CaO-CaF2 硅酸盐玻璃的辐射屏蔽和能量吸收参数
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101153
M.S. Al-Buriahi , Z.A. Alrowaili , Sultan J. Alsufyani , Amani Alalawi , I.O. Olarinoye , Chahkrit Sriwunkum , Norah Salem Alsaiari
Glasses with nominal compositions of (68-x) SiO2–25Na2O–2Al2O3- xCaO-5CaF2 (x = 0, 5, 10, 20, representing SiNAlCF1, SiNAlCF2, SiNAlCF3, and SiNAlCF4, respectively) were reported for their gamma-photon shielding and dosimetry functions using theoretical calculations starting with the use of the NIST cross-section library. Several parameters (including the mass attenuation (MAC) and energy absorption coefficient (MEAC), effective atomic number and electron density (Zeff and Neff), gamma exposure constant (Γ), exposure rate (Dr) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) among others) were estimated for energies within 0.015–15 MeV. The range of MAC for SiNAlCF1, SiNAlCF2, SiNAlCF3, and SiNAlCF4 is 0.0208–5.9944, 0.0210–6.7179, 0 0.0212–7.4460, and 0.0217–8.9164 cm2/g, respectively. The values of Zeff and Neff vary within the ranges 10.13–12.74 and 2.98–3.74 (1023 electron/g) for SiNAlCF1, 10.27–13.42 and 2.98–3.89 (1023 electron/g) for SiNAlCF2, 10.41–14.03 and 2.98–4.01 (1023 electron/g) for SiNAlCF3, and 10.71–15.07 and 2.98–4.19 (1023 electron/g) for SiNAlCF4. The glass with the higher CaO content interacts more with gamma rays and attenuates and absorbs photons better. For 15 mm thick SiNAlCF1-SiNAlCF4, Dr is about 3.66, 4.10, 4.56, and 5.47 MR/h, respectively. The addition of CaO thus improves the shielding efficacy of the SiNAlCF glasses in the narrow and broad beam geometry situations. The SiNAlCF glasses, in comparison to some conventional and recently recommended glass shields, contain nontoxic component, are cheaper, and effective (especially at higher gamma-photon energies). they are thus recommended for gamma-ray protection applications in narrow and broad beam shielding scenarios.
从使用 NIST 截面库开始,通过理论计算报告了标称成分为 (68-x) SiO2-25Na2O-2Al2O3- xCaO-5CaF2 (x = 0、5、10、20,分别代表 SiNAlCF1、SiNAlCF2、SiNAlCF3 和 SiNAlCF4)的玻璃的伽马光子屏蔽和剂量测定功能。对能量在 0.015-15 MeV 范围内的几个参数(包括质量衰减(MAC)和能量吸收系数(MEAC)、有效原子序数和电子密度(Zeff 和 Neff)、伽马曝光常数(Γ)、曝光率(Dr)和曝光积累因子(EBF)等)进行了估算。SiNAlCF1、SiNAlCF2、SiNAlCF3 和 SiNAlCF4 的 MAC 范围分别为 0.0208-5.9944、0.0210-6.7179、0.0212-7.4460 和 0.0217-8.9164cm2/g。SiNAlCF1 的 Zeff 值和 Neff 值分别为 10.13-12.74 和 2.98-3.74 (1023 电子/克),SiNAlCF2 的 Zeff 值和 Neff 值分别为 10.27-13.42 和 2.98-3.89 (1023 电子/克),SiNAlCF3 的 Zeff 值和 Neff 值分别为 10.41-14.03 和 2.98-4.01 (1023 电子/克),SiNAlCF4 的 Zeff 值和 Neff 值分别为 10.71-15.07 和 2.98-4.19 (1023 电子/克)。氧化钙含量越高的玻璃与伽马射线的相互作用越强,对光子的衰减和吸收也越好。对于 15 毫米厚的 SiNAlCF1-SiNAlCF4 来说,Dr 分别约为 3.66、4.10、4.56 和 5.47 MR/h。因此,添加 CaO 可提高 SiNAlCF 玻璃在窄光束和宽光束几何条件下的屏蔽效能。与一些传统的和最近推荐的玻璃屏蔽相比,SiNAlCF 玻璃含有无毒成分,成本更低,效果更好(特别是在较高的伽马光子能量下)。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of NaF on electrical and radiation shielding properties of CdO-B2O3 glass system NaF 对 CdO-B2O3 玻璃体系的电气和辐射屏蔽性能的影响
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101156
Sheik Ahammed , E.O. Echeweozo , B. Srinivas , A.V. Lalitha Phani , G. Bhikshamaiah , Md Shareefuddin , Norah Alomayrah , M.S. Al-Buriahi
xNaF-(40-x)CdO-60B2O3 glass system (NFCBx) was prepared using the melt quenching technique, where x = 5, 10, 15. 20, 25, 30 35 mol %. All prepared samples were characterized using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 50Hz to 5 MHz. Moreover, these samples were subjected to a gamma radiation shielding test using the WinCOM computer program across a wide photon energy range. The impedance spectra from room temperature to 623K with an increment of 50K were recorded. Parameters like bulk resistance (Rb), bulk capacitance (Cb), relaxation time, activation energies, mass attenuation coefficient and Effective Atomic Number were evaluated. The conductivity of the prepared glass samples was independent of frequency at lower frequencies. Still, it varied at higher frequencies. The bulk capacitance increases with an increase in temperature and NaF concentration. Activation energy values are found to decrease as NaF concentration rises. The NFCB3 sample exhibited significantly higher mass attenuation coefficient and Effective Atomic Number values than other commercial SCHOTT glasses across most energy ranges. Hence, NFCB3 glass material is recommended for specialized applications in medical and nuclear settings where excellent dielectric, impedance, radiation attenuation properties and transparency are crucial.
采用熔体淬火技术制备了 xNaF-(40-x)CdO-60B2O3 玻璃体系(NFCBx),其中 x = 5、10、15、20、25、30 35 mol %。所有制备的样品都使用阻抗光谱进行了表征,频率范围为 50Hz 至 5 MHz。此外,还使用 WinCOM 计算机程序在较宽的光子能量范围内对这些样品进行了伽马辐射屏蔽测试。记录了从室温到 623K 的阻抗光谱,增量为 50K。对体积电阻 (Rb)、体积电容 (Cb)、弛豫时间、活化能、质量衰减系数和有效原子序数等参数进行了评估。在较低频率下,制备的玻璃样品的电导率与频率无关。但在较高频率下,电导率会发生变化。体电容随着温度和 NaF 浓度的增加而增加。活化能值随着 NaF 浓度的增加而降低。在大多数能量范围内,NFCB3 样品的质量衰减系数和有效原子序数值明显高于其他商用 SCHOTT 玻璃。因此,建议将 NFCB3 玻璃材料用于医疗和核领域的特殊应用,因为在这些应用中,出色的介电、阻抗、辐射衰减特性和透明度至关重要。
{"title":"Impact of NaF on electrical and radiation shielding properties of CdO-B2O3 glass system","authors":"Sheik Ahammed ,&nbsp;E.O. Echeweozo ,&nbsp;B. Srinivas ,&nbsp;A.V. Lalitha Phani ,&nbsp;G. Bhikshamaiah ,&nbsp;Md Shareefuddin ,&nbsp;Norah Alomayrah ,&nbsp;M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>xNaF-(40-x)CdO-60B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass system (NFCBx) was prepared using the melt quenching technique, where x = 5, 10, 15. 20, 25, 30 35 mol %. All prepared samples were characterized using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 50Hz to 5 MHz. Moreover, these samples were subjected to a gamma radiation shielding test using the WinCOM computer program across a wide photon energy range. The impedance spectra from room temperature to 623K with an increment of 50K were recorded. Parameters like bulk resistance (R<sub>b</sub>), bulk capacitance (C<sub>b</sub>), relaxation time, activation energies, mass attenuation coefficient and Effective Atomic Number were evaluated. The conductivity of the prepared glass samples was independent of frequency at lower frequencies. Still, it varied at higher frequencies. The bulk capacitance increases with an increase in temperature and NaF concentration. Activation energy values are found to decrease as NaF concentration rises. The NFCB3 sample exhibited significantly higher mass attenuation coefficient and Effective Atomic Number values than other commercial SCHOTT glasses across most energy ranges. Hence, NFCB3 glass material is recommended for specialized applications in medical and nuclear settings where excellent dielectric, impedance, radiation attenuation properties and transparency are crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automatic grading diabetic retinopathy in color fundus image: Cascaded hybrid attention network 自动对彩色眼底图像中的糖尿病视网膜病变进行分级:级联混合注意力网络
IF 1.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2024.101160
Yanxia Liu
Deep learning techniques have been introduced to automatically assess Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a prevalent vision-impairing condition, aiding ophthalmologists in formulating personalized treatment strategies for patients. However, most Artificial Intelligence (AI) for grading DR are constrained by their limited capacity to discern lesion details or necessitate manual lesion labeling, leading to suboptimal assessment outcomes or increased workload. To enhance both efficiency and precision in grading, this paper proposes a Cascaded Hybrid Attention Network (CHAN) for DR grading. Residual Hybrid Attention Modules (RHAM) is designed to extract features, incorporating several cascaded Hybrid Attention Module (HAM) and a convolution layer with a residual connection. The approach integrates channel attention with multi-head self-attention, leveraging their combined strengths: global statistical analysis and robust local adaptation. The grading score is derived by integrating DR features across various layers, from shallow to deep. The CHAN model, tested on the MESSIDOR dataset, demonstrates superior accuracy in DR grading, consistently surpassing current leading methods across evaluation metrics.
深度学习技术已被引入自动评估糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)这一普遍存在的影响视力的疾病,帮助眼科医生为患者制定个性化治疗策略。然而,大多数用于对糖尿病视网膜病变进行分级的人工智能(AI)都因其辨别病变细节的能力有限而受到限制,或者必须进行人工病变标记,从而导致评估结果不理想或工作量增加。为了提高分级的效率和精确度,本文提出了一种用于 DR 分级的级联混合注意力网络(CHAN)。残差混合注意模块(RHAM)是为提取特征而设计的,它结合了多个级联混合注意模块(HAM)和一个具有残差连接的卷积层。该方法将通道注意与多头自我注意整合在一起,充分利用了它们的综合优势:全局统计分析和稳健的局部适应。分级得分是通过整合从浅到深各层的 DR 特征得出的。在 MESSIDOR 数据集上测试的 CHAN 模型在 DR 分级方面表现出了卓越的准确性,在各项评估指标上始终超越当前的领先方法。
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Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences
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