Insights into graphene oxide double-network macro-monothlic adsorbent through 3D printing: Mechanical properties and Cu2+ adsorption mechanism

Copper ions are common heavy metal ions that can cause significant impacts on the environment and human health, and their removal from water is a priority in public health and ecosystem protection policies. Therefore, in this paper, a graphene oxide (GO) macrosomal adsorbent DGSP-1 containing sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was prepared using 3D printing technology. The results showed that DGSP-1 retained its structure after 70 % deformation and was able to withstand a pressure of 95.95 MPa with good mechanical properties. Characterization results from various analytical techniques confirmed the successful preparation of the material, and oxygen-containing groups were found to be mainly involved in the adsorption. Quasi-secondary and Langmuir isothermal models can express the adsorption process, which is controlled by both monolayer adsorption and chemisorption. Desorption and regeneration tests showed that the prepared GO macrosomes had excellent adsorption capacity and convenient recovery properties. This study shows that DGSP-1 is a promising material for water purification with good mechanical properties and efficient Cu²⁺ removal.