High-resolution laser receiver for construction levelling robots using multi-linear charge-coupled device (CCD) arrays

The development of levelling robots for automated levelling in construction has gained attention in recent years. Existing laser receiver of the levelling robots, however, has low resolution and lacks adaptability. To address these limitations, this paper aims to develop a high-precision laser receiver with autonomous beam tracking capability. Specifically, multi-linear Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) arrays, a sequential trigger timing mechanism, and a custom Printed Circuit Board (PCB) were designed to improve the resolution of laser receiving. A rotation platform integrated with an automatic centering algorithm was proposed to facilitate autonomous laser beam tracking. Validation equipment was specifically set up, and on-site tests were conducted to assess the receiver's accuracy, resolution, and beam tracking performance. The results demonstrate the micrometer-level precision of the receiver and its high applicability to levelling robots. This approach provides a reference to advance the accuracy of laser receivers, enhancing the efficiency of automated levelling processes.