Exploring the role of gut microbiota in depression: Pathogenesis and therapeutic insights

Depression is a common clinical mental disorder characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia. It has become a major global public health issue due to its complex etiology and unclear mechanisms, resulting in limited diagnostic and therapeutic options. Recent studies indicate that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is closely related to the onset and progression of depression. This article systematically reviews the recent research on the 'microbiota-gut-brain axis' (MGBA), exploring the role and mechanisms of gut microbiota in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, it discusses the potential of modulating gut microbiota as a promising therapeutic approach for depression and suggests future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for research and clinical management of depression.