Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system based on protein hydrogel anti-biofouling coating for long-term accurate and point-of-care glucose monitoring

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) device was a kind of based on flexible electrode interstitial fluid (ISF) implantation that used electrochemical methods to track blood glucose fluctuations, which made continuous real-time glucose monitoring and personalized blood glucose management increasingly possible. However, when the electrode of CGM in the body fluid environment for a long time, the occurrence of bio-fouling will lead to CGM signal deviation, service life reduction, accuracy decline and other problems. Therefore, in this paper, we constructed a new strategy that provided a well-defined, anti-biofilm coating based and integrated smartphone-controlled wearable microneedle system CGM (acCGM) that can significantly improve accuracy during use and potentially extend service life. In vivo ISF blood glucose monitoring experiment, compared with the commercial blood glucose meter, the acCGM system can accurately monitor the blood glucose level of healthy rats for 21 days. Comparing the two kinds of CGM, it can be found that the MARD of coated CGM within 21 days was 9.69%, and that of uncoated CGM was 16.75%, indicating that the coating had a more obvious anti-biofouling effect. Notably, at 14–21 days after implantation, the MARD of the CGM with the anti-biofouling coating remained at 11.67%, indicating that the acCGM also had the potential to work longer. In addition, the acCGM system with anti-biofouling coating also offered low cost, biosafety, high accuracy and no need for manual calibration.