Development and validation of a Coping Scale for pregnant women in Pakistan.

This study developed and validated the Pregnancy Coping Scale (PCS) for women in Pakistan. Fifty-two items were generated from a literature review and interviews with 20 pregnant women. Six psychologists evaluated the content validity. Construct validity was evaluated with 230 pregnant women aged 18-40 recruited from government and private hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Principal component analysis produced 35 items across seven factors, with Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.52 to 0.72. Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated in a subsample of 140 participants who completed the Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (Nu-PCI). A correlational analysis indicated convergence with four Nu-PCI subscales; the remaining subscales supported discriminant validity. The PCS demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity for assessing pregnancy coping in a collectivistic culture.