Comparing hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks and metal-organic frameworks for biosensor applications

This paper presents a comparative perspective on the use of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the development of biosensors. Both HOFs and MOFs have gained significant attention due to their tunable structures, high surface areas, and potential for a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and biosensing. HOFs, with their non-metallic nature and reliance on hydrogen bonds, offer unique advantages such as easier synthesis, biocompatibility, and enhanced stability in certain environments. In contrast, MOFs, which incorporate metal centers, exhibit superior mechanical strength, higher stability, and versatility in sensing a broader range of analytes. This paper reviews the key features, advantages, and limitations of HOFs and MOFs in the context of biosensor development. It highlights recent advancements in their applications for detecting biological targets, and exploring their sensitivity, selectivity, and response times. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges in integrating these materials into functional biosensors and provides insights into their future potential for improving diagnostic tools, environmental monitoring, and healthcare applications. Also, the paper offers a critical evaluation of how HOFs and MOFs can complement each other in advancing biosensor technology.