Response of wave energy to tidal influence along the coast of Shandong Peninsula, China

The exploitation of wave energy is of great significance to the sustainable development of energy system, but it still faces challenges in complex dynamic environment. In this study, the influence of tides on wave parameters and wave spectrum along the coast of Shandong Peninsula is investigated based on the MIKE21 SW and HD models. The simulation results show that the percentage difference of wave power between the coupled mode and the uncoupled mode is greater than 220 % in the northern nearshore zone. A detailed analysis of the four characteristic moments of the tidal cycle shows that the tide level may have a greater effect on the wave than the tidal current, and that the change in wave period is opposite to the change in wave height and wave power as the tidal current direction changes. Through analysis of the wave spectrum, this opposite characteristic may be attributed to changes in wave energy processes under tidal action, such as enhanced nonlinear interactions and high-frequency components gaining more energy from wind input. These effects of tides on waves can alter the distribution of wave energy, which is crucial to the design of optimal conversion intervals for wave energy devices.