Energy最新文献 - Book学术

Thermal contribution-driven energy matching for internal heating regeneration in microchannel-corrugated fin regenerators under extreme hot-humid climate 极端湿热气候下微通道波纹翅片蓄热器内部热再生的热贡献驱动能量匹配

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140258

Jingchao Xie , Junlong Li , Haotian Huang , Guangkai Zhang , Jiaping Liu

Under extreme hot-humid climatic conditions, the regeneration efficiency of liquid desiccant air conditioning systems significantly decreases due to insufficient vapor pressure difference. Although internal heating regeneration has emerged as a promising solution, comprehensive understanding of its thermal contribution mechanism and energy matching principle remains limited. This study developed a microchannel-corrugated fin internal heating regenerator (MF-IHR) and systematically investigated its regeneration performance from the perspective of thermal contribution. Experimental results demonstrate that the MF-IHR enhances the solution moisture removal rate by up to 72.0% compared to adiabatic operation. Thermal contribution analysis reveals that as the temperature of hot water rises, the heating power ratio of water (HPRW) increases from 33.3% to 87.5%, the heat loss power ratio of solution (HLPRS) decreases from 66.7% to 12.5%, and the regeneration efficiency drops from 58.8% to 26.4%. Under extreme environmental conditions, air humidity dominates thermal contribution distribution, with HPRW increasing from 62.1% to 87.2% as humidity rises from 18.3 g/kg to 26.7 g/kg. These findings demonstrate that balancing thermal contributions, rather than maximizing heat input, is key to optimizing regeneration performance. This study provides valuable insights for achieving efficient liquid desiccant regeneration in extreme hot-humid climates.

在极端湿热气候条件下，由于蒸汽压差不足，液体干燥剂空调系统的再生效率显著降低。虽然内热再生已经成为一种很有前途的解决方案，但对其热贡献机制和能量匹配原理的全面理解仍然有限。研制了一种微通道-波纹翅片内热蓄热器（MF-IHR），并从热贡献角度对其蓄热性能进行了系统研究。实验结果表明，与绝热操作相比，MF-IHR对溶液的除湿率提高了72.0%。热贡献分析表明，随着热水温度的升高，水的加热功率比（HPRW）从33.3%增加到87.5%，溶液的热损失功率比（HLPRS）从66.7%下降到12.5%，再生效率从58.8%下降到26.4%。在极端环境条件下，空气湿度主导热贡献分布，当湿度从18.3 g/kg增加到26.7 g/kg时，HPRW从62.1%增加到87.2%。这些发现表明，平衡热贡献，而不是最大化热输入，是优化再生性能的关键。这项研究为在极端湿热气候下实现高效的液体干燥剂再生提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Thermoeconomic analysis of electrically heated molten salt thermal energy storage power generation systems 电热熔盐储能发电系统的热经济性分析

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140358

Bin Dai , Yan Wang , Jinliang Xu , Xiongjiang Yu , Jianren Fan

Electrically heated molten salt thermal energy storage power generation (EH-MSTES-PG) systems offer a promising solution for large-scale, long-duration energy storage. This study establishes an integrated thermo-economic model coupling resistive heating with a Rankine cycle across 50–300 MW scales. A comprehensive life-cycle assessment is performed, including Chinese policy-driven auxiliary revenues alongside time-of-use (TOU) pricing. A novel indicator, Equivalent Conversion Efficiency (ECE), defined as the product of the weighted price ratio and system efficiency, is proposed to evaluate project viability. Results indicate that elevated main steam parameters boost total system efficiency from 38.38% to 42.32%. However, exergy analysis identifies the electric heater as the dominant irreversibility source. Additionally, reducing regenerative stages at intermediate scales notably diminishes steam generator efficiency. Economic evaluation confirms that discharge revenue and charging costs govern viability, collectively accounting for over 73% of total cash flows. Regions with high peak-valley price spreads (represented by Guangdong) exhibit increasing NPV with capacity expansion, significantly outperforming northwestern regions (e.g., Gansu). Significant scale economies are observed, where the 300 MW system achieves the highest Net Present Value (NPV) and exhibits the greatest sensitivity to increases in auxiliary revenue prices. Crucially, a strong nationwide correlation (r > 0.9) is confirmed between ECE and NPV. Analysis establishes that an ECE <100% indicates negative NPV, while an ECE >115% serves as a robust threshold guaranteeing positive lifecycle profitability. These findings provide quantitative criteria for identifying economically viable regions for storage deployment.

电加热熔盐储能发电（EH-MSTES-PG）系统为大规模、长时间的储能提供了一个有前途的解决方案。本研究建立了一个集成的热经济模型，在50-300 MW的尺度上耦合电阻加热和朗肯循环。进行了全面的生命周期评估，包括中国政策驱动的辅助收入和分时电价。提出了一种新的评价项目可行性的指标——等效转换效率（ECE），将其定义为加权价格比与系统效率的乘积。结果表明，主蒸汽参数的提高使系统总效率由38.38%提高到42.32%。然而，火用分析确定电加热器是主要的不可逆性源。此外，减少中间规模的再生级显著降低了蒸汽发生器的效率。经济评估证实，排放收入和收费成本控制着可行性，合计占总现金流量的73%以上。峰谷价差高的地区（以广东为代表）净现值随产能扩张而增加，显著优于西北地区（如甘肃）。观察到显著的规模经济，其中300兆瓦系统实现最高的净现值（NPV），并对辅助收入价格的增长表现出最大的敏感性。至关重要的是，在全国范围内，ECE和NPV之间存在很强的相关性（r > 0.9）。分析表明，100%的ECE表明NPV为负，而115%的ECE是保证生命周期盈利能力为正的稳健阈值。这些发现为确定经济上可行的储能部署区域提供了定量标准。

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引用次数: 0

Economic analysis of hydrogen storage and transportation technology for offshore hydrogen production platform 海上制氢平台储运氢技术的经济分析

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140396

Ziming Hu , Jingfa Li , Chaoyang Fan , Jiale Xiao , Huijie Huang , Bo Yu , Baocheng Shi

Hydrogen production from offshore wind power is an effective means to solve the problem of wind power grid connection and promote the development of the hydrogen industry. However, the current offshore hydrogen storage and transportation technologies are immature and lack comprehensive economic analysis. This study establishes a levelized cost of hydrogen storage and transportation model to evaluate four offshore hydrogen storage and transportation methods: gas-hydrogen shipping, liquid-hydrogen shipping, solid-state hydrogen shipping, and existing pipeline hydrogen blending transportation, incorporating both fixed investments and operating costs for a comprehensive economic feasibility analysis. Using a 300 MW offshore wind-powered hydrogen production platform as a case study, the research conducts a comprehensive economic analysis and comparison of these four storage and transportation technologies across varying offshore distances of 50, 100, and 150 km. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of cost-influencing factors is performed. The results indicate that the gas-hydrogen shipping is the most economical method, with a levelized cost of storage and transportation 2.50-3.83 CNY/kg. As the offshore distance increases, the levelized cost of gas-hydrogen shipping significantly increases by 53.2%, while the increase in existing pipelines is 5.1%. Electricity consumption emerges as a significant cost factor across all methods, with sensitivity ratio (SR) values of 32.47%, 54.14%, 79.26%, and 91.58%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis further reveals that electricity price fluctuations have varying degrees of impact across different methods. A 20% reduction in electricity price leads to a 18.2% cost decrease for existing pipeline hydrogen blending transportation, while gas-hydrogen shipping only a 6.1% cost reduction. The evaluation framework provides a robust quantitative basis for selecting optimal storage and transportation methods in offshore wind-powered hydrogen production systems.

海上风电制氢是解决风电并网问题、促进氢能产业发展的有效手段。然而，目前海上储氢和输氢技术尚不成熟，缺乏全面的经济分析。本研究建立了一个平准化的储氢运输成本模型，以评估四种海上储氢运输方式：气氢运输、液氢运输、固态氢运输和现有的管道混合氢运输，并结合固定投资和运营成本进行综合经济可行性分析。该研究以一个300兆瓦的海上风力制氢平台为例，对这四种储存和运输技术在50、100和150公里的不同海上距离上进行了全面的经济分析和比较。此外，还对成本影响因素进行了敏感性分析。结果表明，气氢运输是最经济的运输方式，储运成本为2.50 ~ 3.83元/kg。随着海上距离的增加，气氢运输的平准化成本显著增加53.2%，而现有管道的增幅为5.1%。在所有方法中，电力消耗都是一个重要的成本因素，其敏感比（SR）分别为32.47%、54.14%、79.26%和91.58%。敏感性分析进一步揭示了电价波动对不同方法的影响程度不同。电价降低20%，现有的管道混合氢运输成本降低18.2%，而气氢运输成本仅降低6.1%。该评估框架为选择海上风力制氢系统的最佳储存和运输方法提供了可靠的定量基础。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative study on the influence of inlet configurations on compressor performance in compressed air energy storage systems 压缩空气储能系统中进气配置对压缩机性能影响的对比研究

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140280

Jixiang Chen , Zhitao Zuo , Jiaxi Chen , Ran Xu , Xin Zhou , Hailiang Tao , Jianting Sun , Haisheng Chen

This study combines numerical simulation and experimental testing to systematically evaluate the influence of radial and axial inlet configurations on the performance of a mixed-flow compressor for compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems. Comparative analyses were carried out using an inlet volute for radial intake and a straight inlet pipe for axial intake. The investigation encompasses overall compressor performance, including outlet flow field distortion and total pressure loss in the inlet volute, static pressure distribution along the blade tip, and circumferential static pressure distribution in the outlet volute. Results demonstrate that under design conditions, the axial intake compressor attains a total pressure ratio of 1.7 and an isentropic efficiency of 83.72%, representing relative increases of 1.19% in total pressure ratio and 4.8% in isentropic efficiency compared with the radial intake configuration. Furthermore, the stable operating range of the axial intake compressor is 9.7 % wider than that of the radial intake variant. Through variable speed regulation, this range can be further extended to 45.14%. In contrast, the radial intake configuration exhibits pronounced outlet flow distortion and elevated total pressure loss attributable to the inlet volute geometry. These effects are especially marked under high speed and high mass flow conditions, where both the distortion coefficient and total pressure loss increase substantially. The resulting non-uniformity in the impeller inlet flow field leads to a deterioration in overall compressor performance. The study confirms good consistency between numerical predictions and experimental measurements, thereby providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the optimization of inlet structures and the enhancement of variable condition operation in high-efficiency, wide-operating range compressors for CAES applications.

本研究将数值模拟和实验测试相结合，系统地评估了径向和轴向进口配置对压缩空气储能（CAES）系统中混流压缩机性能的影响。对径向进气采用进口蜗壳，轴向进气采用直进气管道进行了对比分析。该研究涵盖了压气机的整体性能，包括出口流场畸变和进口蜗壳内的总压损失，沿叶片尖端的静压分布以及出口蜗壳内的周向静压分布。结果表明，在设计条件下，轴向进气压气机的总压比为1.7，等熵效率为83.72%，与径向进气相比，总压比提高了1.19%，等熵效率提高了4.8%。此外，轴向进气压缩机的稳定工作范围比径向进气压缩机宽9.7%。通过变速调节，此范围可进一步扩大到45.14%。相比之下，径向进气结构表现出明显的出口流动扭曲和归因于进口蜗壳几何形状的总压损失升高。这些影响在高速大质量流条件下尤为明显，畸变系数和总压损失都大幅增加。叶轮进口流场的不均匀性导致压气机整体性能的恶化。该研究证实了数值预测与实验测量结果的良好一致性，从而为CAES应用中高效、宽工况范围压缩机进气道结构的优化和变工况运行的增强提供了理论依据和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Regional industrial structure optimization based on water-energy- carbon-economy Multi-Objectives: A case study of Inner Mongolia, China 基于水-能-碳-经济多目标的区域产业结构优化——以内蒙古为例

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140355

Yalun Li , Mingzhe Jin , Bo Ao , Yufei Du , Zhibin Jia , Jinhua Li

The water-energy-carbon nexus is fundamentally linked to industrial structure. Research assessing and optimizing regional industrial structures from this integrated perspective is critical. In this study, a comprehensive methodological framework for regional industrial structure evaluation and multi-objective optimization is developed by integrating environmentally extended input-output analysis (EEIOA) with mathematical programming method. This framework is designed to synergize economic growth with water conservation, energy efficiency and carbon reduction. Various single-objective and multi-objective optimization scenarios were developed to accommodate diverse policymaker preferences. Using Inner Mongolia as a case study, we propose differentiated industrial restructuring pathways to support the region's carbon peaking goal by 2030. The results reveal that the primary sector dominates direct water consumption, while the secondary sector acts as the main driver of energy use and carbon emissions. The tertiary sector also demonstrates substantial embodied resource and environmental impacts. Several water-energy-carbon intensive industries were identified. Furthermore, our findings indicate that single-objective optimization struggles to achieve coordination between economic and environmental-resource objectives, whereas multi-objective optimization significantly reduces resource and environmental pressures while maintaining a relatively high average annual GDP growth rate. It is notable that all optimization scenarios promote an increased tertiary industry share, driving a structural shift towards a tertiary-secondary-primary hierarchy. Sensitivity analysis indicates that total energy consumption and carbon emissions fluctuate with input parameter variations. Policy recommendations are finally proposed for decision makers to adjust the industrial structure. These results suggest our approach can help regional decision-makers identify synergistic pathways toward a green transition.

水-能源-碳关系与产业结构有着根本的联系。从这一综合视角研究、评估和优化区域产业结构至关重要。本文将环境扩展投入产出分析（EEIOA）与数学规划方法相结合，构建了区域产业结构评价与多目标优化的综合方法框架。该框架旨在将经济增长与节约用水、提高能源效率和减少碳排放结合起来。为了适应不同的政策制定者偏好，我们开发了不同的单目标和多目标优化方案。以内蒙古为例，我们提出了差异化的产业结构调整路径，以支持该地区到2030年达到碳峰值的目标。结果表明，第一产业主导着直接用水，而第二产业是能源使用和碳排放的主要驱动因素。第三产业也对资源和环境产生了重大影响。确定了几个水-能源-碳密集型产业。此外，单目标优化难以实现经济和环境资源目标之间的协调，而多目标优化在保持较高的年均GDP增长率的同时，显著降低了资源和环境压力。值得注意的是，所有优化方案都促进了第三产业份额的增加，推动了结构向第三-第二-第一层次的转变。敏感性分析表明，总能耗和碳排放随输入参数的变化而波动。最后为决策者提出调整产业结构的政策建议。这些结果表明，我们的方法可以帮助区域决策者确定绿色转型的协同路径。

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引用次数: 0

An improved soft sensing method for measuring the liquid amount inside cylinders of ionic compressors based on pressure reconstruction 一种改进的基于压力重构的离子压缩机气缸内液量软测量方法

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140409

Jiaqi Su, Xiang Kang, Wanling Zhang, Zekun Liu, Yuan Lv, Yun Li

Ionic compressors are promising for application in the field of hydrogen energy. The ionic liquid (IL) amount inside the cylinder affects the volumetric efficiency and the real p-V diagram. However, the current measurement method requires drilling holes in the cylinder to install sensors, leading to hydrogen leakage and stress concentrations. This paper proposed an improved soft sensing method, revealing the quantitative relationship between p-V data and IL amount. In-cylinder pressure is reconstructed from hydraulic pressure, enabling non-destructive monitoring of IL amount. A method is presented to calculate reciprocating friction forces and correct the reconstruction results. A lumped parameter model (LPM) was established, serving as a reference for comparative analysis with the experiment. The comparison shows a 2.53% error in in-cylinder pressure between measurement and reconstruction. The real p-V diagrams obtained from simulation and experiment exhibit an 8.71% error in in-cylinder pressure, confirming the reliability of the proposed soft sensing method. This research overcomes a fundamental sensing bottleneck, providing an essential tool for the condition monitoring, performance optimization, and intelligent management of ionic compressors.

离子压缩机在氢能领域具有广阔的应用前景。缸内离子液体（IL）的数量影响着容积效率和实际p-V图。然而，目前的测量方法需要在钢瓶上钻孔来安装传感器，这会导致氢气泄漏和应力集中。本文提出了一种改进的软测量方法，揭示了p-V数据与IL量之间的定量关系。缸内压力由液压重建，可对IL量进行无损监测。提出了一种计算往复摩擦力并对重建结果进行校正的方法。建立了集总参数模型（LPM），作为与实验对比分析的参考。结果表明，缸内压力测量值与重建值误差为2.53%。仿真和实验得到的真实p-V图显示缸内压力误差为8.71%，验证了所提出的软测量方法的可靠性。本研究克服了离子压缩机的基本传感瓶颈，为离子压缩机的状态监测、性能优化和智能管理提供了必要的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and experimental verification of wake model for offshore fixed wind turbines under wind-wave coupling 海上固定风力机风浪耦合尾流模型表征及实验验证

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140392

Yanzhong Ren , Jinlian Wang , Yi Hong , Xiaoxia Gao , Zhe Wu , Lei Zhang , Zhonghe Han

Offshore fixed wind turbines operate under coupled wind-wave boundary conditions, resulting in more complex velocity decay characteristics in the wake region of the turbine. The manuscript proposed an anisotropic three-dimensional wake model to analyze the velocity distribution patterns of the wake region of offshore fixed wind turbines. The new model accounts for the effects of wind shear and wave-induced stress on the incoming flow velocity and further refines the original Gaussian-shaped wake velocity profile based on the principle of wake velocity reflection. Furthermore, laser radar field wind measurement experiments were conducted. By combining the data collected by the radar with the existing wake models, the accuracy of the model proposed in the manuscript was verified. Furthermore, the proposed model was validated using publicly available data from the literature. The results show that the field wind measurement experiments successfully measured the wake field data, and the wake model proposed in the manuscript has higher accuracy, with the relative error of the model generally controllable within 10%. This research can provide reference for the flow field structure analysis and operational control of offshore fixed wind turbines.

海上固定风力机在耦合风波边界条件下运行，导致风机尾迹区速度衰减特性更为复杂。本文提出了一种各向异性的三维尾流模型来分析海上固定风力机尾流区域的速度分布规律。新模型考虑了风切变和波浪应力对来流速度的影响，并基于尾流速度反射原理对原有的高斯型尾流速度曲线进行了细化。此外，还进行了激光雷达现场测风实验。将雷达采集的数据与已有的尾流模型相结合，验证了本文模型的准确性。此外，使用文献中公开可用的数据验证了所提出的模型。结果表明，野外风测实验成功地测量了尾流场数据，文中提出的尾流模型具有较高的精度，模型的相对误差一般控制在10%以内。该研究可为海上固定风力机的流场结构分析和运行控制提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of hard interlayer thickness on surrounding rock damage and tightness of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations — a study based on thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage (THM-D) coupling 层间硬厚度对层状盐储氢洞室围岩损伤及密闭性的影响——基于热-水力-机械-损伤耦合的研究

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140382

Xiao Wang , Guimin Zhang , Peng Li , Long Chen , Yashuai Huang , Yang Hong , Xiaoyi Liu , Xinxing Wei , Kai Liu , Xilin Shi , Yinping Li

Salt cavern hydrogen storage is considered a key technological pathway for establishing large-scale hydrogen energy reserves. To reveal the coupled influence mechanism of surrounding rock damage on the stability and gas tightness of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations, this study takes a salt mine in Jiangsu Province, China, as the background and develops a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage (THM-D) coupled model considering the heterogeneity of the rock mass. In this model, a damage variable is introduced to dynamically capture the deterioration effects of surrounding rock damage on its mechanical and hydraulic properties. Based on this framework, the effects of hard interlayer thickness on surrounding rock damage and tightness in bedded salt hydrogen storage caverns are investigated. The results indicate that damage in the surrounding rock is mainly concentrated within the hard interlayers. Once damaged, the hard interlayer permeability increases exponentially, providing highly connected preferential seepage pathways for hydrogen migration. With increasing hard interlayer thickness, the displacement of the surrounding rock, the cavern shrinkage rate, and the damage extent within the hard interlayers gradually decrease. Moreover, the relationship between tightness and hard interlayer thickness is not linear. As the hard interlayer becomes thicker, tightness first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases again. These findings can provide valuable references for the construction and safety design of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations.

盐穴储氢被认为是建立大规模氢能储备的关键技术途径。为揭示围岩损伤对层状盐储氢洞室稳定性和气密性的耦合影响机制，以江苏某盐矿为研究背景，建立了考虑岩体非均质性的热-水力-机械-损伤（THM-D）耦合模型。在该模型中，引入损伤变量来动态捕捉围岩损伤对其力学和水力性能的恶化效应。在此框架下，研究了层间硬厚度对层状盐储氢洞室围岩损伤和密闭性的影响。结果表明，围岩的破坏主要集中在坚硬夹层内。一旦破坏，硬层间渗透率呈指数增长，为氢迁移提供了高度连通的优先渗透路径。随着硬夹层厚度的增加，围岩位移、洞室收缩率和硬夹层内部的破坏程度逐渐减小。此外，密封性与硬夹层厚度之间不是线性关系。随着硬夹层厚度的增加，密封性先减小后增大，最后又减小。研究结果可为层状盐储氢洞室的施工和安全设计提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative analysis of piping configuration effects on the hydraulic performance of the CAP1400 reactor coolant pump's core components via source term and modal decomposition methods 采用源项和模态分解方法定量分析了管道配置对CAP1400反应堆冷却剂泵核心部件水力性能的影响

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140176

Zhenyang Guo , Xiaxia Xiang , Yeming Lu , Xiaofang Wang , Weijun Wang

The CAP1400 passive pressurized water reactor unit stands as the largest third-generation nuclear power facility of its kind developed in China. To elucidate the influence of piping and key equipment within the nuclear island's primary loop system on the operational characteristics of the CAP1400 reactor coolant pump (RCP), this research established a three-dimensional numerical simulation approach for the nuclear island's primary loop, based on the source term methodology. By introducing source terms and porous media models to simplify the steam generator and reactor pressure vessel, the computational bottleneck associated with simulating large-scale nuclear island full loops was effectively mitigated, thereby achieving a compromise between computational efficiency and precision. The study contrasted the hydraulic performance, pressure fluctuation, hydraulic excitation forces, entropy production distribution, and SPOD modal information of key RCP components under two operational scenarios: independent operation (RCP-I) and operation within the piping configuration system (RCP-C). The findings indicate that: (1) The simulation of the nuclear island primary-side full loop has been successfully implemented employing the source term and porous medium approach, yielding high accuracy and aligning well with experimental data. (2) Compared to the independent operation condition, the RCP within the piping configuration system exhibits a slight head increase of 0.21 m; however, its efficiency declines markedly by 2.64%, accompanied by an escalation in internal energy loss. (3) Entropy production analysis reveals that the significant increase in energy loss predominantly originates from the vane region and the inlet region, with augmentations of 77.0% and 55.4%, respectively. (4) Further examination of the SPOD modes indicates that the piping configuration prematurely induces flow separation at the impeller leading edge and exacerbates backflow in the vane outlet region, which constitutes the primary cause of the pump's overall performance deterioration and the rise in internal energy loss. This research is anticipated to offer technical support for the simulation and assessment of large-scale nuclear islands.

CAP1400型无源压水堆机组是中国第三代核电设备中规模最大的。为了阐明核岛一次回路系统内管道及关键设备对CAP1400反应堆冷却剂泵（RCP）运行特性的影响，本研究基于源项方法建立了核岛一次回路的三维数值模拟方法。通过引入源项和多孔介质模型对蒸汽发生器和反应堆压力容器进行简化，有效缓解了模拟大规模核岛全回路的计算瓶颈，实现了计算效率和精度的折衷。研究对比了独立运行（RCP- i）和在配管系统内运行（RCP- c）两种工况下RCP关键部件的水力性能、压力波动、水力激振力、熵产分布和SPOD模态信息。结果表明：(1)采用源项和多孔介质方法成功实现了核岛一次侧全环的模拟，精度高，与实验数据吻合较好。(2)与独立运行工况相比，配管系统内的RCP水头略有上升0.21 m；然而，其效率明显下降了2.64%，同时伴随着内部能量损失的增加。(3)熵产分析表明，能量损失的显著增加主要来自叶片区域和进口区域，分别增加了77.0%和55.4%。(4)对SPOD模态的进一步研究表明，管道配置过早地诱导了叶轮前缘的流动分离，加剧了叶片出口区域的回流，这是导致泵整体性能下降和内能损失增加的主要原因。本研究可望为大规模核岛的模拟与评价提供技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Upgraded utilization of biochar after heavy metal (Ni) adsorption for CO2 capture 重金属（Ni）吸附后生物炭对CO2捕获的升级利用

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140326

Jialiang Dong , Ruikun Wang , Shiteng Tan , Zhenghui Zhao , Qianqian Yin , Jun Cheng , Xuehai Yu , Eric J. Hu , Fuyan Gao

Biochar, with its well-developed pore structure and tunable surface chemistry, has been widely employed for heavy metal adsorption. However, the biochar after adsorption of heavy metals suffers from high risk of secondary pollution and difficulty in resource utilization. This study explores a feasible approach to converting it into an efficient CO₂ adsorbent. Heavy metal ions (represented by Ni²⁺ in this study) are primarily captured via the mesoporous structure of biochar and can be stably anchored to the carbon skeleton after high temperature treatment. This process introduces alkali metal oxide sites on the biochar surface, which were confirmed as chemisorption centers for CO₂ by in situ near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (in situ NAP-XPS). Meanwhile, the adsorbed Ni²⁺ acts as in situ structural template, inducing the evolution of mesopores into narrow micropores, increasing the intermolecular forces between the pore walls and CO₂. The synergistic enhancement effect of chemical and physical adsorption significantly improves the CO₂ adsorption performance of biochar. The Ni-loaded biochar achieves a CO₂ adsorption capacity of 4.49 mmol/g at 25 °C and 1 bar, and a CO₂/N₂ dynamic separation coefficient of 74.47 in multi-component breakthrough experiments. This study provides a green and sustainable approach that combines heavy metal pollution control with the development of CO₂ capture materials, delivering dual energy and environmental benefits.

生物炭具有发达的孔隙结构和可调的表面化学性质，被广泛应用于重金属吸附。但吸附重金属后的生物炭存在二次污染风险高、资源化利用困难等问题。本研究探索了一种将其转化为高效CO2吸附剂的可行方法。重金属离子（在本研究中以Ni2+为代表）主要通过生物炭的介孔结构被捕获，经过高温处理后可以稳定地锚定在碳骨架上。该工艺在生物炭表面引入碱金属氧化物位点，通过原位近环境压力x射线光电子能谱（in situ NAP-XPS）证实这些位点是CO2的化学吸附中心。同时，吸附的Ni2+作为原位结构模板，诱导介孔演化为狭窄的微孔，增加了孔壁与CO2之间的分子间作用力。化学吸附和物理吸附的协同增强效应显著提高了生物炭对CO2的吸附性能。在多组分突破实验中，负载ni的生物炭在25℃、1 bar条件下的CO2吸附量为4.49 mmol/g， CO2/N2动态分离系数为74.47。本研究提供了一种绿色和可持续的方法，将重金属污染控制与二氧化碳捕获材料的开发相结合，实现了能源和环境的双重效益。

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