Optimizing membrane dehumidification performance: A comprehensive review of materials, modules and system

Membrane dehumidification technology has gained significant attention for its efficiency, energy savings, and simplicity. Enhancing the performance of membrane dehumidification is crucial as it directly impacts energy efficiency and indoor comfort, promoting wider adoption of this innovative approach. Significant advances have been made in enhancing membrane dehumidification performance from the perspectives of materials, modules, and systems. This review delves into recent developments, focusing on enhancement methods, dehumidification effects, and limitations. Innovations in membrane materials, such as the use of nanoparticles and hydrophilic functional groups, improve permeability, selectivity, and durability. Moreover, novel module designs, like porous or spiral-wound configurations, increase the surface area and optimize flow dynamics, thereby boosting the dehumidification efficiency. Connecting multiple modules in series or parallel enhances performance but introduces manufacturing complexities, higher flow resistance, and fouling risks. At the system level, integrating membranes with heat recovery or renewable energy systems can reduce energy consumption by over 20 % compared to traditional methods. In this review, the optimization recommendations for membrane materials, modules, and systems were proposed. Combining molecular-scale modeling with experimental testing provides a precise path for upgrading membrane properties. The mass transfer characteristics within modules, along with multi-objective optimization, support a more efficient and rational design of the membrane module. Additionally, the exergy analysis can identify energy-intensive areas, refining the system design strategies for greater efficiency.