Catalytic activity nanozymes for microbial detection

Pathogenic microorganisms responsible for infectious diseases pose a serious global threat to public health. Among the various strategies to address emerging infections, rapid and real-time diagnostics are critical to the control of infectious diseases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunochromatography assay (ICA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas), are currently methods to detect pathogenic microorganisms. However, the sensitivity and detection time of these methods are severely limited by the activity and stability of natural enzymes within the detection system, making it difficult to interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases. Compared to natural enzymes used in traditional detection methods, nanozymes have shown potential for use in rapid detection. Their superior catalytic performance, cost-effectiveness and high stability, have shown potential for use in rapid detection. Nanozymes can be tailored with various components. This customization enables the attachment of functional molecules that facilitate the specific recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. This comprehensive review provides a systematic overview of the methods and underlying mechanisms involved in nanozyme-mediated detection of pathogenic microorganisms, discuss in detail the effective strategies for its practical application, and put forward some views on the future development of nanozymes.